Zygote

Information about Zygote


Days	1
Dorlands/Elsevier	z_01/12871436

For other meanings see Zygote (disambiguation).

A zygote (Greek: ζυγωτόν) is a cell that is the result of fertilization. That is, two haploid cells—usually (but not always) an ovum from a female and a sperm cell from a male—merge into a single diploid cell called the zygote (or zygocyte).

Animal zygotes undergo mitotic cell divisions to become an embryo. Other organisms may undergo meiotic cell division at this time (for more information refer to biological life cycles).

Twins

Twins and multiple births can be monozygotic (identical) or dizygotic (fraternal), meaning they arise from one or several (strictly, two) fertilization events.

A polyspermic zygote is a zygote that has been fetilized by more than one sperm. Each year, world wide, tens of thousands of zygotes derived from the in-vitro insemination of human oocytes undergo polyspermic fertilization. These embryos must presently be discarded because it has never been demonstrated in any humans that polyspermic zygotes can develop normally to term after removal of the supernumerary male pronucleus. However, polyspermic zygotes in mice have been manipulated so as to remove one of the two male pronuclei and made to survive birth.

In other species

A biparental zygote is a Chlamydomonas zygote that contains chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) from both parents.

Preceded by Ovum Sperm	Stages of human development Zygote	Succeeded by Embryo

• • [ e] Human development of embryo and development of fetus (some dates are approximate - see Carnegie stages and a timeline)
Week 1	Zygote - Morula - Blastomere - Blastula/Blastosphere/Blastocyst/Blastocoele - Inner cell mass
Week 2	Bilaminar disc (Hypoblast, Epiblast) - Archenteron/Primitive streak
Week 3 (Trilaminar embryo)	Primitive knot/Blastopore - Primitive groove - Gastrula/Gastrulation Germ layer: Ectoderm (Neuroectoderm) - Endoderm - Mesoderm (Chorda-, Paraxial, Intermediate, Lateral plate) - Splanchnopleure/Somatopleure Somite/Somitomere (Sclerotome, Myotome, Dermatome)
Uterine support	Allantois - Trophoblast (Cytotrophoblast, Syncytiotrophoblast, Gestational sac) - Yolk sac - Vitelline duct - Placenta - Umbilical cord (Umbilical artery, Umbilical vein, Wharton's jelly) - Amniotic sac (Amnion, Chorion) - Decidua - Decidual cells - Intervillous space - Chorionic villi
Branchial region	Branchial arch (1st/Meckel's cartilage, 2nd)/Branchial pouch - Cervical sinus - Lateral lingual swelling - Tuberculum impar - Frontonasal prominence - Olfactory pit - Nasal processes - Globular process - Primitive palate
Histogenesis and organogenesis	Glands: Thyroglossal duct Limb development: Limb bud - Apical ectodermal ridge/AER

Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
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Zygote can mean:

Zygote, a fertilized biological cell
Zygote, the first solo album from John Popper, lead singer of Blues Traveler
Zygote Media Group, a high-end 3D rendering and animation software company

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Greek}}}
Writing system: Greek alphabet
Official status
Official language of: Greece
Cyprus
European Union
recognised as minority language in parts of:
European Union
Italy
Turkey
Regulated by:
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Fertilization (also known as conception, fecundation and syngamy), is fusion of gametes to form a new organism of the same species. In animals, the process involves a sperm fusing with an ovum, which eventually leads to the development of an embryo.
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Ploidy is the number of homologous sets of chromosomes in a biological cell. The ploidy of cells can vary within an organism. In humans, most cells are diploid (containing one set of chromosomes from each parent), but sex cells (sperm and egg) are haploid.
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ovum (plural ova) is a haploid female reproductive cell or gamete. The word is derived from Latin, meaning egg or egg cell. Both animals and embryophytes have ova. The term ovule
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Female (♀) is the sex of an organism, or a part of an organism, which produces ova (egg cells). The ova are defined as the larger gametes in a heterogamous reproduction system, while the smaller, usually motile gamete, the spermatozoon is produced by the male.
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sperm is derived from the word spermos (meaning "seed") and refers to the male reproductive cells. Sperm cells are the smaller gametes involved in fertilization.
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Male (♂) refers to the sex of an organism, or part of an organism, which produces small mobile gametes, called spermatozoa. Each spermatozoon can fuse with a larger female gamete or ovum, in the process of fertilisation.
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Cell division is a process by which a cell, called the parent cell, divides into two cells, called daughter cells. Cell division is usually a small segment of a larger cell cycle. In meiosis however, a cell is permanently transformed and cannot divide again.
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meiosis (IPA: /maɪˈəʊsɪs/) is the process by which one diploid eukaryotic cell divides to generate four haploid cells often called gametes.
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A life cycle is a period involving one generation of an organism through means of reproduction, whether through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. In regard to its ploidy, there are three types of cycles:

haplontic life cycle
diplontic

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Twins are a form of multiple birth in which the mother gives birth to two offspring from the same pregnancy, either of the same or opposite sex.

The general term for more than one offspring from the same pregnancy is multiples
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multiple birth occurs when more than one fetus is carried to term in a single pregnancy. Different names for multiple birth are utilized, depending on the number of offspring. Common multiples are two and three, known as twins and triplets respectively.
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Chlamydomonas
Ehrenb.

Species

See text.

Chlamydomonas is a genus of green alga. They are unicellular flagellates. Chlamydomonas
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Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and use it in conjunction with water and carbon dioxide to produce sugars, the raw material for energy and biomass production in all green plants
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Sexual reproduction is a union that results in increasing genetic diversity of the offspring. It is characterized by two processes: meiosis, involving the halving of the number of chromosomes; and fertilisation, involving the fusion of two gametes and the restoration of the
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Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) is an infertility treatment where a blockage in the fallopian tubes are the cause. Egg cells are removed from a woman's ovaries, and in vitro fertilised. The resulting zygote is placed into the fallopian tube by the use of laparoscopy.
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prepubescence) (4-10)

Elementary school age (also called middle childhood) (4-9)

Preadolescence (preteen, or late childhood.
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Human embryogenesis is the process of cell division and cellular differentiation of the human embryo during early prenatal development. It spans from the moment of fertilization to the end of the 8th week of gestational age, whereafter it is called a fetus.
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Embryology is the study of the development of an embryo. An embryo is defined as any vertebrate in a stage before birth or hatching. Embryology refers to the development of the egg cell (zygote) after fertilization and the differentiation of cells into tissues and organs.
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