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An amino acid, in its (1) normal (unionized) and (2) zwitterionic forms.
A zwitterion (from German "Zwitter" — "hybrid," "hermaphrodite") is a chemical compound that is electrically neutral but carries formal positive and negative charges on different atoms.[1] Zwitterions are polar and usually have a high solubility in water and a poor solubility in most organic solvents.

Ampholytes are molecules that contain both acidic and basic groups (and are therefore amphoteric) and will exist as zwitterions at a certain pH. This pH is known as the molecule's isoelectric point. Ampholytic molecules make good buffer solutions — they resist change to the pH of a solution by selective ionization. In the presence of acids, they will accept the hydrogen ions, removing them from the solution. In the presence of bases, they will donate hydrogen ions to the solution, again balancing the pH.

Applications

Typical examples of zwitterions are: Less common examples of zwitterions are:

References

German language (Deutsch, ] (help info ) ) is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages.
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hermaphrodite is an organism that posses both male and female genetalia.[1] In many species, hermaphroditism is a common part of the life-cycle, particularly in some asexual animals and some plants.
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atom (Greek ἄτομος or átomos meaning "indivisible") is the smallest particle still characterizing a chemical element.
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Chemical polarity, also known as bond polarity or simply polarity, is a concept in chemistry which describes how equally bonding electrons are shared between atoms.
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A solvent is a liquid that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution. The most common solvent in everyday life is water. Most other commonly-used solvents are organic (carbon-containing) chemicals. These are called organic solvents.
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ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) is a set of properties that guarantee that database transactions are processed reliably. In the context of databases, a single logical operation on the data is called a transaction.
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    In chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as a substance that can accept protons. This refers to the Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases. Alternate definitions of bases include electron pair donors (Lewis), and as sources of hydroxide anions (Arrhenius).
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    amphoteric substance is one that can react as either an acid or base.

    Examples

    Examples include amino acids, proteins, and water. Many metals (such as zinc, tin, lead, aluminium, and beryllium) and most metalloids have amphoteric oxides.
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      pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. Aqueous solutions at 25 ℃ with a pH less than seven are considered acidic, while those with a pH greater than seven are considered basic (alkaline). The pH of 7.
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      The isoelectric point (pI) is the pH at which a particular molecule or surface carries no net electrical charge. Amphoteric molecules called zwitterions contain both positive and negative charges depending on the functional groups present in the molecule.
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      Buffer solutions are solutions that resist change in Hydronium ion and the hydroxide ion concentration (and consequently pH) upon addition of small amounts of acid or base, or upon dilution.
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        In chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as a substance that can accept protons. This refers to the Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases. Alternate definitions of bases include electron pair donors (Lewis), and as sources of hydroxide anions (Arrhenius).
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        buffering agent adjusts the pH of a solution. The function of a buffering agent is to drive an acidic or alkaline solution to a certain pH state and prevent a change in this pH.
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        Good's buffers (also Good buffers) are twelve buffering agents selected and described by Norman Good and colleagues in 1966. Good selected the buffers based on a number of criteria which make them candidates for use in biochemistry and biological research.
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        Sulfonic acid is a hypothetical acid with formula H-S(=O)2-OH. This compound is a less stable tautomer of sulfurous acid HO-S(=O)-OH, so sulfonic acid converts rapidly when it is formed.
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        MES is the common name for the compound 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid. It is used as a buffering agent in biology and biochemistry. Its chemical structure contains a morpholine ring.
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        Mops can refer to:
        • More than one mop; a form of the verb "to mop"
        • The dog breed also known as Pug
        • MOPS, a unit of measurement; see FLOPS
        • MOPS is the common name for the compound 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid

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        HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid ) is an organic chemical buffering agent that is widely used in cell culture to maintain physiological pH.
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        PIPES is the common name for piperazine-N,N′-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid), a frequently used buffering agent in biochemistry.

        It is one of Good's buffers, with a pKa of 6.8. It has a negligible capacity to bind divalent metal ions.
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        CAPS is the common name for N-cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid, a chemical used as buffering agent in biochemistry.

        The similar substance N-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxyl3-aminopropanesulfonic acid
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        Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group, which has the formula -C(=O)OH, usually written -COOH or -CO2H. [1] Carboxylic acids are Bronsted acids — they are proton donors.
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        amino acid is a molecule that contains both amine and carboxyl functional groups. In biochemistry, this term refers to alpha-amino acids with the general formula H2NCHRCOOH, where R is an organic substituent.
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        For the plant, see .


        Glycine (abbreviated as Gly or G)[1] is the organic compound with the formula HO2CCH2NH2.
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        Tricine is an organic compound that is used in buffer solutions. It is a white crystalline powder that is moderately soluble in water. It has a pH of 4.4-5.2; its pKa1 at 25°C is 2.3, while its pKa2 at 20°C is 8.15[1].
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        Alanine (abbreviated as Ala or A)[1] is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH3. The L-isomer is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e. the building blocks of proteins.
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        Detergent is a compound, or a mixture of compounds, intended to assist cleaning. The term is often used to differentiate between soap and other chemical surfactants used for cleaning purposes.
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        alkaloid is, strictly speaking, a naturally occurring amine produced by a plant, but amines produced by animals and fungi are also called alkaloids[1]. Many alkaloids have pharmacological effects on humans and other animals.
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        Psilocybin (also known as psilocybine) is a psychedelic alkaloid of the tryptamine family, found in psilocybin mushrooms. It is considered mostly to be an entheogen and a tool in use to supplement various types of practices for transcendence including in meditation,
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        Lysergic acid, also known as D -lysergic acid and (+)-lysergic acid, is a precursor for a wide range of ergoline alkaloids that are produced by the ergot fungus and some plants.
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