Information about Zooplankton
Zooplankton are the heterotrophic (or detritivorous) component of the plankton that drift in the water column of oceans, seas, and bodies of fresh water. The name is derived from the Greek terms, ζῴον ("zoon") meaning "animal", and πλαγκτος ("planktos") meaning "wanderer" or "drifter"[1]. Many zooplankton are too small to be individually seen with the unaided eye.
Zooplankton is a broad categorisation spanning a range of organism sizes that includes both small protozoans and large metazoans. It includes holoplanktonic organisms whose complete life cycle lies within the plankton, and meroplanktonic organisms that spend part of their life cycle in the plankton before graduating to either the nekton or a sessile, benthic existence.
Ecologically important protozoan zooplankton groups include the foraminiferans, radiolarians and dinoflagellates (the latter are often mixotrophic). Important metazoan zooplankton include cnidarians such as jellyfish and the Portuguese Man o' War, crustaceans such as copepods and krill, molluscs such as pteropods and chordates such as salps and juvenile fish. This wide phylogenetic range includes a similarly wide range in feeding behaviour: passive filter feeding, active predation and even symbiosis with autotrophic phytoplankton. Zooplankton feed on bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, other zooplankton (sometimes cannibalistically), detritus (or marine snow) and even nektonic organisms.
Through their consumption and processing of phytoplankton (and other food sources), zooplankton play an important role in aquatic food webs, both as a resource for consumers on higher trophic levels and as a conduit for packaging the organic material in the biological pump.
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Zooplankton is a broad categorisation spanning a range of organism sizes that includes both small protozoans and large metazoans. It includes holoplanktonic organisms whose complete life cycle lies within the plankton, and meroplanktonic organisms that spend part of their life cycle in the plankton before graduating to either the nekton or a sessile, benthic existence.
Ecologically important protozoan zooplankton groups include the foraminiferans, radiolarians and dinoflagellates (the latter are often mixotrophic). Important metazoan zooplankton include cnidarians such as jellyfish and the Portuguese Man o' War, crustaceans such as copepods and krill, molluscs such as pteropods and chordates such as salps and juvenile fish. This wide phylogenetic range includes a similarly wide range in feeding behaviour: passive filter feeding, active predation and even symbiosis with autotrophic phytoplankton. Zooplankton feed on bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, other zooplankton (sometimes cannibalistically), detritus (or marine snow) and even nektonic organisms.
Through their consumption and processing of phytoplankton (and other food sources), zooplankton play an important role in aquatic food webs, both as a resource for consumers on higher trophic levels and as a conduit for packaging the organic material in the biological pump.
References
See also
- Bacterioplankton
- Biological pump
- Diel vertical migration
- Iron fertilization
- Ocean acidification
- Phytoplankton
- Plankton
- Primary production
External links
- Plankton*Net, images of planktonic species
heterotroph (Greek heterone = (an)other and trophe = nutrition) is an organism that requires organic substrates to get its carbon for growth and development. A heterotroph is known as a consumer in the food chain.
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Detritivores (also known as detrivores or detritus feeders) are animals that consume detritus (decomposing organic material), and in doing so contribute to decomposition and the recycling of nutrients.
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Plankton are any drifting organism that inhabits the pelagic zone of oceans, seas, or bodies of fresh water. It is a description of life-style rather than a genetic classification.
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The pelagic zone is the part of the open sea or ocean that is not near the coast. In contrast, the neritic zone comprises the water that is near to (and is significantly affected by) the coast or the continental shelf.
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Earth's oceans
(World Ocean)
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(World Ocean)
- Arctic Ocean
- Atlantic Ocean
- Indian Ocean
- Pacific Ocean
- Southern Ocean
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The three-letter acronym SEA may refer to:
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- Scientists and Engineers for America, a pro-science political advocacy group.
- Schoof-Elkies-Atkin algorithm
- Seattle-Tacoma International Airport (IATA: SEA, ICAO: KSEA)
- Sea Education Association
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Fresh Water is the debut album by Australian rock and blues singer Alison McCallum, released in 1972. Rare for an Australian artist at the time, it came in a gatefold sleeve.
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Greek}}}
Writing system: Greek alphabet
Official status
Official language of: Greece
Cyprus
European Union
recognised as minority language in parts of:
European Union
Italy
Turkey
Regulated by:
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Writing system: Greek alphabet
Official status
Official language of: Greece
Cyprus
European Union
recognised as minority language in parts of:
European Union
Italy
Turkey
Regulated by:
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naked eye is a figure of speech referring to human visual perception that is unaided by enhancing equipment, such as a telescope or binoculars. (It, therefore, does not refer to smaller scale aids such as glasses.
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Plantae Chromalveolata Heterokontophyta Haptophyta Cryptophyta Alveolata
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Protozoa (in Greek proto = first and zoa = animals) are one-celled eukaryotes (that is, unicellular microbes whose cells have membrane-bound nuclei) that commonly show characteristics usually associated with animals, mobility and heterotrophy.
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Holoplankton are organisms that are planktonic for their entire life cycle. Examples of holoplankton include diatoms, radiolarians, dinoflagellates, foraminifera, amphipods, krill, copepods, salps, and jellyfish.
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A life cycle is a period involving one generation of an organism through means of reproduction, whether through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. In regard to its ploidy, there are three types of cycles:
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- haplontic life cycle
- diplontic
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Meroplankton are organisms that are planktonic for only a part of their life cycles, usually the larval stage. Examples of meroplankton include the larvae of sea urchins, starfish, crustaceans, marine worms, and most fish.
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Nekton is a grouping of living organisms that live in the water column of the ocean and freshwater lakes.
Nekton organisms can propel themselves independent of the currents in the water mass.
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Nekton organisms can propel themselves independent of the currents in the water mass.
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Sessile is a term in biology with two distinct meanings:
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In botany
In botany, sessile means "without a stalk", as in flowers (pedicel) or leaves (petiole) that grow directly from the stem or Peduncle; however, in limnology, sessile vegetation are any organisms..... Click the link for more information.
Benthos are the organisms which live on, in, or near the seabed, also known as the benthic zone.[1] Although the term derived from the Greek for "depths of the sea"<ref name="caml" />, the term is also used in freshwater biology to refer to organisms at
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Ecology (also known as Oekologie, Okology, or Oekology[1],from Greek: οίκος, oikos, "household"; and λόγος, logos
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Foraminifera
d'Orbigny, 1826
Orders
Allogromiida
Carterinida
Fusulinida - extinct
Globigerinida
Involutinida - extinct
Lagenida
Miliolida
Robertinida
Rotaliida
Silicoloculinida
Spirillinida
Textulariida
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d'Orbigny, 1826
Orders
Allogromiida
Carterinida
Fusulinida - extinct
Globigerinida
Involutinida - extinct
Lagenida
Miliolida
Robertinida
Rotaliida
Silicoloculinida
Spirillinida
Textulariida
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Radiolaria
Müller 1858 emend.
Classes
Polycystinea
Acantharea
Sticholonchea
Radiolarians (also radiolaria) are amoeboid protozoa that produce intricate mineral skeletons, typically with a central capsule dividing the cell into
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Müller 1858 emend.
Classes
Polycystinea
Acantharea
Sticholonchea
Radiolarians (also radiolaria) are amoeboid protozoa that produce intricate mineral skeletons, typically with a central capsule dividing the cell into
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Dinoflagellata
Bütschli 1885
Classes
Dinophyceae
Noctiluciphyceae
Syndiniophyceae
The dinoflagella are a large group of flagellate protists. Most are marine plankton, but they are common in fresh water habitats as well.
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Bütschli 1885
Classes
Dinophyceae
Noctiluciphyceae
Syndiniophyceae
The dinoflagella are a large group of flagellate protists. Most are marine plankton, but they are common in fresh water habitats as well.
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The term mixotroph can describe organisms (usually algae or bacteria) capable of deriving metabolic energy both from photosynthesis and from external energy sources. These organisms may use light as an energy source, or may take up organic or inorganic compounds.
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Cnidaria
Hatschek, 1888
Subphylum/Classes[1]
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Hatschek, 1888
Subphylum/Classes[1]
- Anthozoa — corals and sea anemones
- Medusozoa:[2]
- :Cubozoa — sea wasps or box jellyfish
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Scyphozoa
Goette, 1887
Orders
Stauromedusae
Coronatae
Semaeostomeae
Rhizostomae
Jellyfish are marine invertebrates belonging to the Class Scyphozoa within the Phylum Cnidaria. They can be found in every ocean in the world.
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Goette, 1887
Orders
Stauromedusae
Coronatae
Semaeostomeae
Rhizostomae
Jellyfish are marine invertebrates belonging to the Class Scyphozoa within the Phylum Cnidaria. They can be found in every ocean in the world.
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Physaliidae
Genus: Physalia
Species: P. physalis
Binomial name
Physalia physalis
(Linnaeus, 1758)
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Genus: Physalia
Species: P. physalis
Binomial name
Physalia physalis
(Linnaeus, 1758)
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crustaceans (Crustacea) are a large group of arthropods, comprising approximately 52,000 described species [1], and are usually treated as a subphylum [2].
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Copepoda
H. Milne-Edwards, 1840
Orders
Calanoida
Cyclopoida
Gelyelloida
Harpacticoida
Misophrioida
Monstrilloida
Mormonilloida
Platycopioida
Poecilostomatoida
Siphonostomatoida
Copepods
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H. Milne-Edwards, 1840
Orders
Calanoida
Cyclopoida
Gelyelloida
Harpacticoida
Misophrioida
Monstrilloida
Mormonilloida
Platycopioida
Poecilostomatoida
Siphonostomatoida
Copepods
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Euphausiacea
Dana, 1852
Families
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Dana, 1852
Families
- Euphausiidae
- Euphausia Dana, 1852
- Meganyctiphanes Holt and W. M.
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