Information about Yaodong
- This article is about artificial caves used as dwellings, especially those in north China called yaodongs, as opposed to natural caves.
Yaodongs are usually carved out of a generally vertical side of a loess hill. If the side is not vertical, it must be cut vertical. The silty soil is soft and easy to dig. The cross section of a yaodong is similar to that of a cave: a rectangle in the lower part connected to a semi-circle in the upper part. The width at the floor is from 3 to 4 meters, and the highest point in the ceiling is around 3 meters or higher. The depth of a yaodong can be 5 meters or more. Windows and doors are installed at the opening of the yaodong. The inner side wall is usually plastered with lime to make it white. A platform called kang is built to be used as a bed. A fireplace is built beside the kang and the smoke and hot gas go through the built-in channels inside the kang to heat it before exiting to outdoor through a chimney.
The hill, which is practically infinite in thickness, that separates the indoor space and outdoor serves as an effective insulator that keeps the inside of a yaodong warm in cold seasons and cool in hot seasons. Consequently, very little heating is required in winter, and in summer, it is as cool as an air-conditioned room.
More exquisite yaodongs may have a facade built with stones with fine patterns carved on the surface.
Yaodongs can also be constructed with stones or bricks as stand-alone structures. Often, three or more yaodongs in a row are constructed. First, stones or bricks are used to build the arch-shaped structure, and then soil is used to fill up the external space above the arches to make a thick and flat roof.
The most famous yaodongs in China are perhaps those in Yan'an. The communists led by Mao Zedong headquartered there in 1935-1948 and lived in yaodongs. Edgar Snow visited Mao and his party in Yan'an and wrote Red Star Over China. An estimated 40 million people in northern China live in a yaodong. [1]
See also
External links
Literature
Golany, Gideon S. Chinese Earth-Sheltered Dwellings. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, Press, 1992.A very good look at earth sheltered dwellings (called Yaodongs) in China and their design both historically and contemporarily.
References
A house is a building lived in by people. The word "house" may also refer to a building that shelters animals, such as a lemur, especially in a zoo. [1]
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China (Traditional Chinese: Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
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cave is a natural underground void large enough for a human to enter. Some people suggest that the term 'cave' should only apply to cavities that have some part which does not receive daylight; however, in popular usage, the term includes smaller spaces like sea caves, rock
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A dugout or dug-out, also known as a pithouse, pit-house, earth-house, mud hut, is a shelter for humans or domestic animals based on a hole or depression dug into the ground.
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A house is a building lived in by people. The word "house" may also refer to a building that shelters animals, such as a lemur, especially in a zoo. [1]
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Shelter refers to a typically basic structure or building that covers or provides protection, including the following:
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- Protection from the weather
- House
- Mountain shelter or hut
- Shack
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This page contains Chinese text.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
China (Traditional Chinese: Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
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This page contains Chinese text.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
China (Traditional Chinese: Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
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The Loess Plateau (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: 黃土高原; Pinyin: huángtǔ gāoyuán
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loess, from the German Löss or Löß, and ultimately from Swiss German lösch (loose), pronounced in several different ways in English (IPA: [ləs, lʌs, lʌrs, lo.
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chimneying, see Climbing technique.
For the Chimneys novels of Agatha Christie, see The Secret of Chimneys and The Seven Dials Mystery.
A chimney
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facade or façade (IPA: /fəˈsɑːd/) is generally one side of the exterior of a building, especially the front, but also sometimes the sides and rear.
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Yan'an (Chinese: 延安; Pinyin: Yán'ān; Wade-Giles: Yen-an), is a city in the Shanbei region of Shaanxi province in China.
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Communism
Basic concepts
Marxist philosophy
Class struggle
Proletarian internationalism
Communist party
Ideologies
Marxism Leninism Maoism
Trotskyism Juche
Left Council
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Basic concepts
Marxist philosophy
Class struggle
Proletarian internationalism
Communist party
Ideologies
Marxism Leninism Maoism
Trotskyism Juche
Left Council
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Mao Zedong pronunciation (Simplified Chinese: 毛泽东; Traditional Chinese: 毛澤東; Pinyin: Máo Zédōng; Wade-giles:
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1900s 1910s 1920s - 1930s - 1940s 1950s 1960s
1932 1933 1934 - 1935 - 1936 1937 1938
Year 1935 (MCMXXXV
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1900s 1910s 1920s - 1930s - 1940s 1950s 1960s
1932 1933 1934 - 1935 - 1936 1937 1938
Year 1935 (MCMXXXV
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1910s 1920s 1930s - 1940s - 1950s 1960s 1970s
1945 1946 1947 - 1948 - 1949 1950 1951
Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII
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1910s 1920s 1930s - 1940s - 1950s 1960s 1970s
1945 1946 1947 - 1948 - 1949 1950 1951
Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII
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Edgar Snow (b. 17 July 1905 in Kansas City, Missouri, d. 15 February 1972 in Geneva) was an American journalist known for his books and articles on Communism in China and the Chinese Communist revolution.
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Mao Zedong pronunciation (Simplified Chinese: 毛泽东; Traditional Chinese: 毛澤東; Pinyin: Máo Zédōng; Wade-giles:
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Yan'an (Chinese: 延安; Pinyin: Yán'ān; Wade-Giles: Yen-an), is a city in the Shanbei region of Shaanxi province in China.
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Red Star Over China, a book by Edgar Snow, is an account of the Communist Party of China written when they were guerrilla army still obscure to Westerners.
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Overview
In Red Star Over China..... Click the link for more information.
Earth houses are an architectural style of housing often intended to have a small ecological footprint. Earth houses are usually lowered into the ground and covered with thin growth. On the inside they consist of a timber-pole construction with square outlines.
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Rock-cut architecture is the practice of creating buildings by carving natural rock. In India the term 'cave' is often applied, and in China 'cavern,' but one must differentiate natural caves from rock-cut architecture which is man-made and designed along the conventions of
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A dugout or dug-out, also known as a pithouse, pit-house, earth-house, mud hut, is a shelter for humans or domestic animals based on a hole or depression dug into the ground.
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Underground living refers simply to living below the ground's surface, whether in naturally occurring caves or in built structures.
Besides its obvious novelty, underground living offers additional benefits when compared to living in traditional buildings, such as a nearly
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Besides its obvious novelty, underground living offers additional benefits when compared to living in traditional buildings, such as a nearly
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John Hardress Wilfred Lloyd (born September 30 1951) is a British comedy writer and television producer.
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Early life and career
Lloyd was born in Dover and educated at West Hill Park School (Titchfield, Hants), The King's School (Canterbury) and Trinity College (Cambridge)...... Click the link for more information.
John Mitchinson is the head of research for the British television panel game QI, and co-author of The Book of General Ignorance with QI's creator John Lloyd. He is also the managing director of Quite Interesting Limited.
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The Book of General Ignorance is a series of books based on the final round in the intellectual British panel game QI, written by John Lloyd and John Mitchinson.
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