iPedia Free Information Center

Information about Xyloglucan

Xyloglucan is the main hemicellulose in the primary cell wall of dicotyledonous plants. Xyloglucan links cellulose microfibrils together, as well as avoid their adhesion and allow controlled creep.

Chemistry

Xyloglucan has a cellulosic semirigid backbone of ß1→4-linked glucose residues that are substituted with a variety of 1-6 flexibly linked glycosidic sidechains. The most common sidechain is a single xylose residue, but longer sidechains that include the sugars galactose and fucose are also common.

Biosynthesis

Xyloglucan is synthesised in Golgi trans cisternae and in the trans Golgi network (TGN) and is transported to the cell membrane by vesicles, where it is expelled and adsorbs on nascent cellulosic microfibrils [1].

References

1. ^ Moore PJ and Staehelin LA (1988). "Immunogold localisation of the cell wall matrix polysaccharides rhamnogalacturonan-I and xyloglucan during cell expansion and cytokinesis in Trifolium Pratense L - Implications for sectretory pathways journal=Planta" 174: 433-445. 
A hemicellulose can be any of several heteropolymers (matrix polysaccharides) present in almost all cell walls along with cellulose. While cellulose is crystalline, strong, and resistant to hydrolysis, hemicellulose has a random, amorphous structure with little strength.
..... Click the link for more information.
cell wall is a fairly rigid layer surrounding a cell, located external to the cell membrane, which provides the cell with structural support, protection, and acts as a filtering mechanism. The cell wall also prevents over-expansion when water enters the cell.
..... Click the link for more information.
Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula (C6H10O5)n. It is a structural polysaccharide derived from beta-glucose.[1][2] Cellulose is the primary structural component of green plants.
..... Click the link for more information.
Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide (or simple sugar), is an important carbohydrate in biology. The living cell uses it as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate.
..... Click the link for more information.
Xylose or wood sugar is an aldopentose — a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms and including an aldehyde functional group. It has chemical formula C5H10O5. Xylose is found in the embryos of most edible plants.
..... Click the link for more information.
Galactose (Gal) (also called brain sugar[1]) is a type of sugar which is less sweet than glucose and not very water-soluble. It is considered a nutritive sweetener because it has food energy.

Galactan is a polymer of the sugar galactose.
..... Click the link for more information.
Fucose is a hexose deoxy sugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It is found on N-linked glycans on the mammalian, insect and plant cell surface, and is the fundamental sub-unit of the fucoidan polysaccharide.
..... Click the link for more information.
Golgi may refer to the physician Camillo Golgi or one of the structures named after him:
  • Golgi apparatus (or Golgi complex)
  • Golgi organ (or Golgi tendon organ)

..... Click the link for more information.
Editing of this page by unregistered or newly registered users is currently disabled due to vandalism.
If you are prevented from editing this page, and you wish to make a change, please discuss changes on the talk page, request unprotection, log in, or .
..... Click the link for more information.
Vesicle may refer to
  • Vesicle (biology), a relatively small and enclosed compartment within a cell
  • Vesicular texture, a small enclosed cavity found in some volcanic rock, such as basalt

..... Click the link for more information.


This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.
Herod_Archelaus


page counter