Information about Wrasse

Wrasses
Moon wrasse, Thalassoma lunare, a typical wrasse
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes Suborder: Labroidei Family: Labridae Cuvier, 1816
Genera
See text.

For other uses, see Wrasse (disambiguation).

The wrasses are a family, Labridae, of marine fish, many of which are brightly colored. The family is large and diverse, with about 500 species in 60 genera.

Distribution

Wrasses are exclusively marine in distribution. The are found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, usually in shallow water habitats such as coral reefs and rocky shores where they live close to the substrate.

Anatomy

Wrasses have protractile mouths, usually with separate jaw teeth that jut outwards. The dorsal fin has 8–21 spines and 6–21 soft rays, usually running most of the length of the back. Wrasse are typically brightly coloured and sexually dimorphic. Many species are capable of changing sex: juveniles are a mix of males and females (known as Initial Phase or IP individuals) but the largest adults becoming territory-holding (Terminal Phase or TP) males.

Cleaner wrasse

Main article: Cleaner fish

Some wrasses are widely known for their role as symbiotic fish, similar to the actions and those ascribed to the Egyptian plover: other fish will congregate at wrasse cleaning stations and wait for wrasses to swim into their open mouths and gill cavities to have gnathiid parasites removed. The cleaner wrasses are best known for feeding on dead tissue and scales and ectoparasites, although they are also known to 'cheat' through the removal of healthy tissue and mucus, which is costly for the client fish to produce. The bluestreak cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus is one of the most common cleaners found on tropical reefs. Few cleaner wrasses have been observed being eaten by predators, possibly because the removal of parasites from the predator fish is more important for the survival of the predator than the short-term gain of eating the cleaner (see Trivers, R. L. 1971).

Other species of wrasse, rather than having fixed cleaning stations, specialize in making "house calls"—that is, their "clientele" are those fish that are too territorial or shy to go to a cleaning station.

Significance to humans

Wrasse are utilised as food in many parts of the world. In the western Atlantic, the most commonly eaten is the tautog. Wrasse are widely kept in both public and home aquaria, with some species being small enough to be considered reef safe.

Gomphosus varius in Kona	Yellowtail Coris Wrasse, Coris gaimardi is being cleaned by Labroides phthirophagus. The picture was taken in Hawaii	Bluehead wrasse, Belize Barrier Reef	Clown wrasse, Coris aygula, Red Sea
Yellowtail wrasse, Coris gaimard, Hawaii	Pearl wrasse, Anampses cuvieri, Hawaii	Humphead wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus, Melbourne Aquarium	Bluestreak wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus

Genera

Acantholabrus Achoerodus Ammolabrus Anampses Anchichoerops Austrolabrus Bodianus Centrolabrus Cheilinus Cheilio Choerodon Cirrhilabrus Clepticus Conniella Coris Ctenolabrus Cymolutes Decodon

Diproctacanthus Doratonotus Dotalabrus Epibulus Eupetrichthys Frontilabrus Gomphosus Halichoeres Hemigymnus Hologymnosus Iniistius Julichthys Labrichthys Labroides Labropsis Labrus Lachnolaimus Lappanella

Larabicus Leptojulis Macropharyngodon Malapterus Minilabrus Nelabrichthys Notolabrus Novaculichthys Novaculoides Ophthalmolepis Oxycheilinus Oxyjulis Paracheilinus Parajulis Pictilabrus Polylepion Pseudocheilinops Pseudocheilinus

Pseudocoris Pseudodax Pseudojuloides Pseudolabrus Pteragogus Semicossyphus Stethojulis Suezichthys Symphodus Tautoga Tautogolabrus Terelabrus Thalassoma Wetmorella Xenojulis Xiphocheilus Xyrichtys

External links

• FishBase info for Labridae
• How Fish Hire a Cleaning Service