iPedia Free Information Center

Information about Women In Computing

Global concerns about current and future roles of women in computing occupations gained more importance with the emerging information age. These concerns motivated public policy debates addressing gender equality as computer applications exerted increasing influence in society. This dialog helped to expand information technology innovations and to reduce the unintended consequences of perceived sexism.

Famous women in computing

Issues regarding women in computing (USA)

In the United States, the number of women represented in engineering and information technology peaked in the late 1980s. Since then, the percentage of women in the computing profession declined from 35.2% in 1990 to 28.4% in 2000. [1] In computer science in particular, there has been a dramatic drop in women earning bachelor's degrees. A report from the Computing Research Association indicated that the number recently fell below 20%, from nearly 40% in the mid 80s. [2] Research has shown that many misperceptions about computing persist and may discourage women. [3].

Gender theory and women in computing

A recent book titled "Athena Unbound" [4] provides a life-course analysis (based on interviews and surveys) of women in science from early childhood interest, through university, graduate school and the academic workplace. The thesis of this book is that "Women face a special series of gender related barriers to entry and success in scientific careers that persist, despite recent advances[4]".

Organizations for women in computing

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^  Lancaster, Hal, Career Journal: Women Try to Break Tech-Glass Ceiling, Wall Street Journal, Brussels, August 14, 2001.
  2. ^  Vegso, Jay, May 2005 edition of Computing Research News, Vol. 17, No. 3, May 2005.
  3. ^  Margolis, Jane; Fisher, Alan, Unlocking the Clubhouse, SIGCSE Inroads Bulletin, Vol 34, No. 2, June 2002.
  4. ^  Etzkowitz, Henry; Kemelgor, Carol; Uzzi, Brian, ATHENA UNBOUND - The advancement of women in science and technology, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-511-03833-X (ISBN-13 9780511038334), 2000.

References

External links

The Global Brain is a metaphor for the intelligent network formed by humans together with the knowledge and communication technologies that connect them.

The term was first coined in 1982 by Peter Russell in his book The Global Brain.
..... Click the link for more information.
Futures studies reflects on how today’s changes (and continuities) become tomorrow’s reality. It includes attempts to analyze the sources, patterns, and causes of change and stability in order to develop foresight and to map alternative futures.
..... Click the link for more information.
The of this article or section may be compromised by "weasel words".
You can help Wikipedia by removing weasel words.
This article may be too long.
Please discuss this issue on the talk page and help summarize or split the content into subarticles of an article
..... Click the link for more information.
policy is a deliberate plan of action to guide decisions and achieve rational outcome(s). The term may apply to government, private sector organizations and groups, and individuals.
..... Click the link for more information.
Equalism is a name often given to forms a egalitarianism (advocacy of equality) concerned with issues of gender or race. Thus, equalism is another name for gender egalitarianism, sexual egalitarianism and/or racial egalitarianism.
..... Click the link for more information.
Application software is a subclass of computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly and thoroughly to a task that the user wishes to perform. This should be contrasted with system software which is involved in integrating a computer's various capabilities,
..... Click the link for more information.
The classic definitions of innovation include:
  1. the act of introducing something new: something newly introduced (The American Heritage Dictionary).
  2. the introduction of something new. (Merriam-Webster Online)
  3. a new idea, method or device.

..... Click the link for more information.
For the 1996 novel by John Ross, see .


Unintended consequences are situations where an action results in an outcome that is not (or not only) what is intended.
..... Click the link for more information.
Sexism is commonly considered to be discrimination and/or hatred against people based on their sex rather than their individual merits, but can also refer to any and all systemic differentiations based on the sex of the individuals.
..... Click the link for more information.
Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace (December 10, 1815 – November 27, 1852), born Augusta Ada Byron, is mainly known for having written a description of Charles Babbage's early mechanical general-purpose computer, the analytical engine.
..... Click the link for more information.
Charles Babbage FRS (26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871) was an English mathematician, philosopher, and mechanical engineer who originated the idea of a programmable computer. Parts of his uncompleted mechanisms are on display in the London Science Museum.
..... Click the link for more information.
The analytical engine, an important step in the history of computers, was the design of a mechanical general-purpose computer by the British professor of mathematics Charles Babbage. It was first described in 1837, but Babbage continued to work on the design until his death in 1871.
..... Click the link for more information.
Grace Murray Hopper (December 9 1906 – January 1 1992) was an American computer scientist and United States Navy officer. A pioneer in the field, she was one of the first programmers of the Harvard Mark I calculator, and she developed the first compiler for a computer
..... Click the link for more information.
IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC), called the Mark I by Harvard University[1], was the first large-scale automatic digital computer in the USA. It is considered by some to be the first universal calculator.
..... Click the link for more information.
Kathleen "Kay" McNulty Mauchly Antonelli (February 12 1921 – April 20 2006) was one of the six original programmers of the ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic digital computer.
..... Click the link for more information.
Betty Holberton (March 7 1917 – December 8 2001) was one of the original ENIAC crew.

She was born Frances Elizabeth Snyder in Philadelphia in 1917. She studied at the University of Pennsylvania, majoring in English and journalism, although she had excelled in
..... Click the link for more information.
Marlyn Meltzer was one of the original programmers for the ENIAC computer.

She was born Marlyn Wescoff and graduated from Temple University in 1942. She was hired by the Moore School of Engineering later that year to perform weather calculations, mainly because she
..... Click the link for more information.
Ruth Teitelbaum (n̩e Lichterman) (1924 Р1986, Dallas) was one of the original programmers for the ENIAC computer.

Teitelbaum graduated from Hunter College with a B.Sc. in Mathematics.
..... Click the link for more information.
Jean Bartik (b. December 27 1924) was one of the original programmers for the ENIAC computer.

She was born Betty Jean Jennings[1] in Gentry County, Missouri in 1924 and attended Northwest Missouri State Teachers College, majoring in mathematics.
..... Click the link for more information.
Frances Spence (March 2 1922 –) was one of the original programmers for the ENIAC computer.

She was born Frances Bilas in Philadelphia in 1922. She attended Temple University but then was awarded a scholarship to Chestnut Hill College.
..... Click the link for more information.
ENIAC, short for Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer,[1] was the first large-scale, electronic, digital computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems,[2]
..... Click the link for more information.
Jean E. Sammet (born 1928) is an American computer scientist who developed the FORMAC programming language.

She received her B.A. in Math from Mount Holyoke College in 1948 and her M.A. in Math from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1949.
..... Click the link for more information.
FORMAC, for FORmula MAnipulation Compiler, is an extension of FORTRAN. It was developed by Jean E. Sammet.

The additional capabilities of FORMAC permit direct computation, manipulation, and use of functions of advanced mathematics which can only be done
..... Click the link for more information.
Barbara Liskov (born Barbara Huberman, 1939), is a prominent computer scientist. She is currently the Ford Professor of Engineering in the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science department at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
..... Click the link for more information.
Irma M. Wyman (born 19xx) was a systems thinking tutor and was the first female CIO of Honeywell.

Academic life

In 1945, Wyman was accepted into the College of Engineering at the University of Michigan.
..... Click the link for more information.
Honeywell International, Inc.

Public
Founded 1906, 1999 by merger with AlliedSignal
Headquarters Morristown, New Jersey

Products Aerospace & Defense , Automation & Control Solutions , Specialty Materials
Revenue $31.4 billion USD (2006)
Net income $ 2.
..... Click the link for more information.
The chief information officer or CIO is a job title for the head of the information technology group within an organization. The CIO typically reports to the chief executive officer.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. TCP provides reliable, in-order delivery of a stream of bytes, making it suitable for applications like file transfer and e-mail.
..... Click the link for more information.
Frances Elizabeth "Fran" Allen
Born 1932

Field Computer Science
Institutions IBM
Notable prizes Turing Award
For the early American nun, see Frances Allen (nun).

..... Click the link for more information.
Anita Borg (January 17, 1949 – April 6, 2003) was born Anita Borg Naffz in Chicago, Illinois. She grew up in Palatine, Illinois, Kaneohe, Hawaii, and Mukilteo, Washington.

Career

Borg was one of a relatively small group of female computer scientists at the Ph.
..... Click the link for more information.


This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.
Herod_Archelaus


page counter