Information about Winged Keel
A winged keel is a sailboat keel, usually of high aspect ratio, that uses a nearly horizontal foil, the "wing", at the bottom to provide additional performance. The horizontal foil serves two purposes: it acts as an winglet on the foil, effectively doubling the aspect ratio, and they produce additional lift, but downwards. Because the yacht is heeled over when sailing upwind the leeward foil is closer to vertical, and provides additional side force hence making the boat sail upwind more efficiently. The windward winglet is closer to horizontal and hence produces a force directly downward, which gives a small benefit to the vessel's stability. Winged keels are generally found on high performance sailboats, if they are not prohibited by class rules. They are only of benefit for yachts sailing upwind where stability and the ability to produce side force are important. Downwind the extra skin friction drag is a hindrance.
The winged keel made its first appearance in the 1983 America's Cup Australian challenger Australia II, this keel designed by Ben Lexcen was considered the decisive factor that allowed the Australian team to win the cup. The increased stability afforded by the winged keel, due mainly to the extra lead in the wings producing a very low centre of gravity, allowed Australia II to be as short and light as possible under the 12 meter rules, and still carry enough sail to beat the American entry, helmed by Dennis Conner. The wings were angled downwards at about 20 degrees, which, since they were lifting downwards, acted as a dihedral.
Most winged keels also incorporate a significant amount of ballast where the wings join the keel. This feature makes these winged keels also a type of bulb keel.
The winged keel made its first appearance in the 1983 America's Cup Australian challenger Australia II, this keel designed by Ben Lexcen was considered the decisive factor that allowed the Australian team to win the cup. The increased stability afforded by the winged keel, due mainly to the extra lead in the wings producing a very low centre of gravity, allowed Australia II to be as short and light as possible under the 12 meter rules, and still carry enough sail to beat the American entry, helmed by Dennis Conner. The wings were angled downwards at about 20 degrees, which, since they were lifting downwards, acted as a dihedral.
Most winged keels also incorporate a significant amount of ballast where the wings join the keel. This feature makes these winged keels also a type of bulb keel.
KEEL 710AM is a general talk radio station in Shreveport, Louisiana. It is owned by Gap Broadcasting.
The station's lineup includes Rush Limbaugh, Sean Hannity, Michael Savage, and a local sports talk show hosted by the team of "J.J. and Bonzai Ben.
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The station's lineup includes Rush Limbaugh, Sean Hannity, Michael Savage, and a local sports talk show hosted by the team of "J.J. and Bonzai Ben.
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aspect ratio is an airplane's wing's span divided by its standard mean chord (SMC). It can be calculated more easily as span squared divided by wing area:
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A foil is a surface designed to maximize lift (force generated perpendicular to the fluid flow) while minimizing drag (force generated in the direction of the fluid flow) in a given range of conditions. Foils may be designed to operate in any fluid, such as air or water.
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WING
City of license Dayton, Ohio
Broadcast area Dayton
Branding "ESPN 1410"
Slogan Same as branding
First air date 1921
Frequency 1410 KHZ
Format Sports Talk
ERP 5,000 watts-D/N
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City of license Dayton, Ohio
Broadcast area Dayton
Branding "ESPN 1410"
Slogan Same as branding
First air date 1921
Frequency 1410 KHZ
Format Sports Talk
ERP 5,000 watts-D/N
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Wingtip devices are usually intended to improve the efficiency of fixed-wing aircraft.[1] There are several types of devices, and though they function in different manners, the intended aerodynamic effect is to modify the aircraft's wake in some beneficial manner.
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aspect ratio is an airplane's wing's span divided by its standard mean chord (SMC). It can be calculated more easily as span squared divided by wing area:
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Windward is the direction from which the wind is blowing at the time in question. The side of a ship which is towards the windward is the weather side. If the vessel is heeling under the pressure of the wind, this will be the "higher side"
Leeward
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Leeward
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Parasitic drag (also called parasite drag) is drag caused by moving a solid object through a fluid. Parasitic drag is made up of many components, the most prominent being form drag.
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drag (sometimes called resistance) is the force that resists the movement of a solid object through a fluid (a liquid or gas). Drag is made up of friction forces, which act in a direction parallel to the object's surface (primarily along its sides, as friction forces at the
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1950s 1960s 1970s - 1980s - 1990s 2000s 2010s
1980 1981 1982 - 1983 - 1984 1985 1986
Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII
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1950s 1960s 1970s - 1980s - 1990s 2000s 2010s
1980 1981 1982 - 1983 - 1984 1985 1986
Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII
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Sport Sailing
Founded 1851
No. of teams 13 (2009)
Country(ies) International
Spain (2009 Host)
Most recent champion(s) Alinghi
Official website [1]
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Founded 1851
No. of teams 13 (2009)
Country(ies) International
Spain (2009 Host)
Most recent champion(s) Alinghi
Official website [1]
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Anthem
Advance Australia Fair [1]
Capital Canberra
Largest city Sydney
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Advance Australia Fair [1]
Capital Canberra
Largest city Sydney
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The Australia II is a 12-metre class yacht, and the first successful challenger for the America's Cup after 132 years.
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Design
Designed by Ben Lexcen, built by Stephan Ward, owned by Alan Bond and helmed by John Bertrand, the Australia II..... Click the link for more information.
Ben Lexcen AM (March 19, 1936 – May 1, 1988) was an Australian yachtsman and marine architect. He is famous for the winged keel design applied to Australia II which, in 1983, became the first non-American yacht to win the prestigious America's Cup in 132 years.
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Motto
"In God We Trust" (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum" ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
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"In God We Trust" (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum" ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
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Olympic medal record
Sailing
Bronze 1976 Tempest Class
Dennis Walter Conner (born September 16, 1942) is an American yachtsman who has participated in the America's Cup nine times.
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Sailing
Bronze 1976 Tempest Class
Dennis Walter Conner (born September 16, 1942) is an American yachtsman who has participated in the America's Cup nine times.
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Dihedral is the upward angle from horizontal in a fixed-wing aircraft or bird wing from root to tip, as viewed from directly in front or behind the aircraft. The aeorodynamic stabilising qualities of the dihedral were first described by Sir George Cayley in 1808/09.
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A bulb keel is a keel, usually made with a high aspect ratio foil, that contains a ballast-filled bulb at the bottom, usually teardrop shaped. The purpose of the bulb keel is to place the ballast as low as possible, therefore gaining the maximum possible amount of leverage
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