Information about Widow (typesetting)
In typesetting, widow refers to the final line of a paragraph that falls at the top the following page of text, separated from the remainder of the paragraph on the previous page. The term can also be used to refer simply to an uncomfortably short (e.g. a single word or two very short words) final line of a paragraph. [1]
A related term, orphan, refers to the first line of a paragraph appearing on its own at the bottom of a page with the remaining portion of the paragraph appearing on the following page[2]; in other words the first line of the paragraph has been "left behind" by the remaining portion of text.
Note that a widow, by the second definition above, can also fall at the bottom of a page, in the sense that the page ends on a very short line at the end of a paragraph.
One easy way to remember the difference between and an orphan and a widow is to remember that orphans "have no past, but a future", while widows "have a past but no future" just as an orphan or widow in life.[3]
Widows are considered sloppy typography and should be avoided. Some techniques for eliminating widows include:
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A related term, orphan, refers to the first line of a paragraph appearing on its own at the bottom of a page with the remaining portion of the paragraph appearing on the following page[2]; in other words the first line of the paragraph has been "left behind" by the remaining portion of text.
Note that a widow, by the second definition above, can also fall at the bottom of a page, in the sense that the page ends on a very short line at the end of a paragraph.
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An illustration of a widowed line, highlighted in yellow, appearing at the top of a page.
One easy way to remember the difference between and an orphan and a widow is to remember that orphans "have no past, but a future", while widows "have a past but no future" just as an orphan or widow in life.[3]
Widows are considered sloppy typography and should be avoided. Some techniques for eliminating widows include:
- Forcing a page break early, producing a shorter page;
- Adjusting the leading, the space between lines of text;
- Adjusting the spacing between words to produce 'tighter' or 'looser' paragraphs;
- Adjusting the page's margins;
- Subtle scaling of the page, though too much non-uniform scaling can visibly distort the letters;
- Rewriting a portion of the paragraph.
References
1. ^ Carter, Rob. Day, Ben. Meggs, Philip. Typographic Design: Form and Communication 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons: 1993. p. 263
2. ^ Collins English Dictionary 6th edition. Glasgow: HarperCollins Publishers, 2003. ISBN 0-00-710982-2
3. ^ Bringhurst, Robert. The Elements of Typographic Style. 3rd ed. Hartley and Marks Publishers: 2004. pp. 43-44 ISBN 0881792063
2. ^ Collins English Dictionary 6th edition. Glasgow: HarperCollins Publishers, 2003. ISBN 0-00-710982-2
3. ^ Bringhurst, Robert. The Elements of Typographic Style. 3rd ed. Hartley and Marks Publishers: 2004. pp. 43-44 ISBN 0881792063
See also
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Typesetting involves the presentation of textual material in graphic form on paper or some other medium. Before the advent of desktop publishing, typesetting of printed material was produced in print shops by compositors working by hand, and later with machines.
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Typography is the art and techniques of type design, modifying type glyphs, and arranging type. Type glyphs (characters) are created and modified using a variety of illustration techniques.
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leading (IPA [ˈlɛdɪŋ], rhymes with heading) refers to the amount of added vertical spacing between lines of type.
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Rob Carter is professor of typography and graphic design at Virginia Commonwealth University. He has received numerous awards for his work from organizations such as the American Institute of Graphic Arts, New York Type Directors Club, Society of Typographic Arts, Creativity, and
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Philip Baxter Meggs (1942–2002) was an American graphic designer, professor, historian and author of books on graphic design. Currently his book History of Graphic Design is required reading in many courses on design.
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Typography is the art and techniques of type design, modifying type glyphs, and arranging type. Type glyphs (characters) are created and modified using a variety of illustration techniques.
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Typography is the art and techniques of type design, modifying type glyphs, and arranging type. Type glyphs (characters) are created and modified using a variety of illustration techniques.
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page is one side of a leaf of paper. It can be used as a measurement of documenting or recording quantity ("that topic covers twelve pages").
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The page in typography
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Pagination is the system by which the information on a newspaper, bookpage, manuscript, or otherwise handwritten or printed document are laid out.
In a strict sense of the word, it can mean the consecutive numbering to indicate the proper order of the pages, which was rarely
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In a strict sense of the word, it can mean the consecutive numbering to indicate the proper order of the pages, which was rarely
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recto is the right-hand page and the verso the left-hand page ("verso" can also mean to turn over in the mind) of a folded sheet or bound item, such as a book, broadsheet, or pamphlet.
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recto is the right-hand page and the verso the left-hand page ("verso" can also mean to turn over in the mind) of a folded sheet or bound item, such as a book, broadsheet, or pamphlet.
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In typography, a margin is the white space that surrounds the content of a page. The margin helps to define where a line of text begins and ends. When a page is justified the text is spread out to be flush with the left and right margins.
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column is one or more vertical blocks of text positioned on a page, separated by margins and/or rules. Columns are most commonly used to break up large bodies of text that cannot fit in a single block of text on a page.
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canons of page construction have been described by them to represent the ways in which these books may have been designed.
The notion of canons, or laws of form, of book page construction was popularized by Jan Tschichold in the mid to late twentieth century, based on the
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The notion of canons, or laws of form, of book page construction was popularized by Jan Tschichold in the mid to late twentieth century, based on the
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A paragraph is a self-contained unit of a discourse in writing dealing with a particular point or idea, or the words of an author. The start of a paragraph is indicated by beginning on a new line and ending without running to the next passage.
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leading (IPA [ˈlɛdɪŋ], rhymes with heading) refers to the amount of added vertical spacing between lines of type.
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In typography, rivers, or rivers of white, are visually unattractive gaps appearing to run down a paragraph of text. They often result from full text justification, although they can occur in any text justification.
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baseline is the line upon which most letters "sit" and under which descenders extend.
In the example to the right, the letter 'p' has a descender; the other letters sit on the (red) baseline.
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In the example to the right, the letter 'p' has a descender; the other letters sit on the (red) baseline.
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In typography, the mean line is the line that determines where non-ascending lowercase letters terminate in a typeface. The distance between the baseline and the mean line is called the x-height.
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In typesetting and page layout, alignment or range, is the setting of text flow or image placement relative to a page, column (measure), table cell or tab. The type alignment setting is sometimes referred to as text alignment, text justification or
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In typesetting, justification (can also be referred to as 'full justification') is the typographic alignment setting of text or images within a column or "measure" to align along both the left and right margin. Text set this way is said to be "justified".
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glyph is the shape given in a particular typeface to a specific grapheme or symbol.
The term for the abstract entity represented by a glyph is character: a typographical character may be a grapheme (an element of a writing system), but also a numeral, a punctuation
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The term for the abstract entity represented by a glyph is character: a typographical character may be a grapheme (an element of a writing system), but also a numeral, a punctuation
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ligature occurs where two or more letter-forms are joined as a single glyph. Ligatures usually replace two sequential characters sharing common components, and are part of a more general class of glyphs called "contextual forms" where the specific shape of a letter depends on
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letter-spacing, also called tracking, refers to the amount of space between a group of letters to affect density in a line or block of text. Since the advent of personal computers the term tracking is frequently used.
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kerning, or less commonly, mortising (referring to the process of physically removing material from the cast character), is the process of adjusting letter spacing in a proportional font.
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Capital letters or majuscules (in the Roman alphabet: A, B, C, D, ...) are one type of case in a writing system. Capital letters (also simply called capitals or caps) are also known as upper case
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For the minimalist musical sub-genre, see .
Lower case or lowercase or minuscule letters are the smaller form of letters, as opposed to capital letters: for example, the letter "a" is lower case while the letter "A"..... Click the link for more information.
initial is a letter at the beginning of a work, a chapter or a paragraph that is larger than the rest of the text. The word comes from the Latin initialis, which means standing at the beginning.
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x-height or corpus size refers to the distance between the baseline and the mean line in a typeface. Typically, this is the height of the letter x in the font (which is where the terminology came from), as well as the a, c, e, m
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ascender is the portion of a letter in a Latin-derived alphabet that extends above the mean line of a font. That is, the part of the letter that is taller than the font's x-height.
Ascenders, together with descenders, increase the recognizability of words.
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Ascenders, together with descenders, increase the recognizability of words.
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