Information about Waste Heat
Waste heat refers to heat produced by machines and technical processes for which no useful application is found, and is regarded as a waste by-product. A fraction of input energy is always converted to heat by friction between machine parts and other dissipative processes such as liquid friction (see: viscosity). Heat production in bearings can be minimised by the use of rolling-element bearings.
The electrical efficiency of thermal power plants, defined as the ratio between the primary product and input energy, ranges from 30 to 70%. It is often difficult to find useful application for large quantities of low quality heat, so the heat is qualified as waste heat and is rejected to the environment. Economically most convenient is the rejection of such heat to water from a sea, lake or river. If sufficient cooling water is not available, the plant has to be equipped with a cooling tower to reject the waste heat into the atmosphere.
Cogeneration (also combined heat and power, CHP) is the use of a heat engine or a power station to simultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat.
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Conversion of energy
Whereas mechanical drives can be designed to run smoothly, with little dissipation of energy to heat, machines for conversion of energy contained in fuels to mechanical work or electric energy necessarily produce large quantities of by-product heat (see: Second law of thermodynamics).The electrical efficiency of thermal power plants, defined as the ratio between the primary product and input energy, ranges from 30 to 70%. It is often difficult to find useful application for large quantities of low quality heat, so the heat is qualified as waste heat and is rejected to the environment. Economically most convenient is the rejection of such heat to water from a sea, lake or river. If sufficient cooling water is not available, the plant has to be equipped with a cooling tower to reject the waste heat into the atmosphere.
Cogeneration
Waste of the by-product heat is avoided if a cogeneration system is used. Limitations to the use of by-product heat arise due to difficulties in heat transport and heat storage.See also
| Topics related to waste | [ edit] | |
| Anaerobic digestion | Compost | Dustbins | E-waste | Waste collection vehicle | Incineration | Landfill | Mechanical biological treatment | Radioactive waste | Recycling | Reuse | Sewage | Scrap | Sewage treatment | Waste | Toxic waste | Waste management | Waste management topics | Waste minimisation |} |
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machine (derived from the latin machina) is any device that transmits or modifies . In common usage, the meaning is restricted to devices having rigid moving parts that perform or assist in performing some work.
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A by-product is a secondary or incidental product deriving from a manufacturing process, a chemical reaction or a biochemical pathway, and is not the primary product or service being produced. A by-product can be useful and marketable, or it can have severe ecological consequences.
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energy (from the Greek ενεργός, energos, "active, working")[1] is a scalar physical quantity that is a property of objects and systems of objects which is conserved by nature.
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Friction is the force of two surfaces in contact. It is not a fundamental force, as it is derived from electromagnetic forces between atoms. When contacting surfaces move relative to each other, the friction between the two objects converts kinetic energy into thermal energy, or
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Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid to deform under either shear stress or extensional stress. It is commonly perceived as "thickness", or resistance to flow.
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rolling-element bearing is a bearing which carries a load by placing round elements between the two pieces. The relative motion of the pieces causes the round elements to roll (tumble) with little sliding.
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conservation of energy states that the total amount of energy in any closed system remains constant but can be recreated, although it may change forms, e.g. friction turns kinetic energy into thermal energy.
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In physics, mechanical work is the amount of energy transferred by a force. Like energy, it is a scalar quantity, with SI units of joules. Heat conduction is not considered to be a form of work, since there is no macroscopically measurable force, only microscopic forces occurring
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The electric potential energy of a system is the potential energy associated with the conservative Coulomb forces between charged particles in a system, where the reference potential energy is usually chosen to be zero for particles at infinite separation.
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The second law of thermodynamics is an expression of the universal law of increasing entropy, stating that the entropy of an isolated system which is not in equilibrium will tend to increase over time, approaching a maximum value at equilibrium.
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The efficiency of an entity (a device, component, or system) in electronics and electrical engineering is defined as useful power output divided by the total electrical power consumed (a fractional expression).
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thermal power station comprises all of the equipment and systems required to produce electricity by using a steam generating boiler fired with fossil fuels or biofuels to drive an electrical generator.
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The three-letter acronym SEA may refer to:
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- Scientists and Engineers for America, a pro-science political advocacy group.
- Schoof-Elkies-Atkin algorithm
- Seattle-Tacoma International Airport (IATA: SEA, ICAO: KSEA)
- Sea Education Association
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lake (from Latin ligacus) is a body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained on a body of land. A vast majority of lakes on Earth are fresh water, and most lie in the Northern Hemisphere at higher latitudes.
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river is a natural waterway that transits water through a landscape from higher to lower elevations. It is an integral component of the water cycle. The water within a river is generally collected from precipitation through surface runoff, groundwater recharge (as seen at baseflow
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Cooling towers are evaporative coolers used for cooling water or other working medium to near the ambient wet-bulb air temperature. Cooling towers use evaporation of water to reject heat from processes such as cooling the circulating water used in oil refineries, chemical plants,
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Not to be confused with California Highway Patrol.
Cogeneration (also combined heat and power, CHP) is the use of a heat engine or a power station to simultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat.
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Articles on Heat transport include:
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- Heat
- Heat pipe
- Heat conduction
- Convection
- Coolant
- Cogeneration
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Articles on Heat storage include:
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- Energy storage
- Thermal energy storage
- Seasonal thermal store
- Storage heater
- Steam accumulator
- Fireless locomotive
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A heat recovery steam generator or HRSG is a heat exchanger that recovers heat from a hot gas stream. It produces steam that can be used in a process or used to drive a steam turbine.
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Waste, rubbish, trash, garbage, or junk is unwanted or undesired material. "Waste" is the general term; though the other terms are used loosely as synonyms, they have more specific meanings: rubbish or trash are mixed household waste and including paper
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Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the natural process of biological degradation of organic material in the absence of air. An anaerobic digester is a man-made system that harnesses this process to treat waste and produce biogas and anaerobic digestate, a soil-improving material.
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Compost is the aerobically decomposed remnants of organic materials. Compost is used in gardening and agriculture as a soil amendment, and commercially by the landscaping and container nursery industries.
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A waste container (known more commonly in British English as a dustbin, rubbish-bin, ashcan or simply bin and American English as a trash can) is a container, which is usually made out of metal or plastic.[1].
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Electronic waste, "e-waste" or "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment" ("WEEE") is a waste type consisting of any broken or unwanted electrical or electronic appliance.
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A waste collection vehicle (WCV), is a truck specially designed to pick up smaller quantities of waste and haul it to landfills and other recycling or treatment facilities. They are a common sight in most urban areas.
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Incineration is a waste treatment technology that involves the combustion of organic materials and/or substances.[1] Incineration and other high temperature waste treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment".
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landfill, also known as a dump or tip (and historically as a midden), is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial and is the oldest form of waste treatment.
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A mechanical biological treatment system is a form of waste processing facility that combines a sorting facility with a form of biological treatment such as composting or anaerobic digestion.
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