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Information about Varus Deformity


Classification & external resources
Varus Deformity MRI and photograph
ICD-10M21.1
In orthopedics, a varus deformity is a term for the inward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint. The opposite of varus is called valgus.

The terms varus and valgus always refer to the direction that the distal segment of the joint points.

For example, in a VARUS deformity of the knee, the distal part of the leg below the knee is deviated inward, resulting in a bowlegged appearance. Conversely, a valgus deformity at the knee results in a knock-kneed appearance, with the distal part of the leg deviated outward.

Terminology

The terminology is made confusing by the etymology of these words.
  • In Latin, valgus actually means "knock-kneed" and varus means ''"bowlegged."
  • In a knock-kneed person, the femur is deviated inward in relation to the hip, so the term varus is correctly applied for the hip, as it refers to the distal segment being angled inward.
  • But in the same knock-kneed person, the opposite situation is found at the knee, with the distal segment now being deviated outward, so the term valgus is used for the knee.
  • It is correct for a knock-kneed deformity to be called both a varus deformity at the hip/femur and a valgus deformity at the knee/tibia, although the common terminology is to refer to it as genu valgum.
If this is confusing, just remember that "varus = inward" and "valgus = outward" and always refers to the direction that the distal part of the joint points.

When the terminology specifies a bone rather than a joint, the bone is taken to be the distal segment of a joint. Thus, a varus deformity of the tibia refers to the femur/tibia joint (the knee) and not the ankle joint.

Examples

  • Hip: coxa vara — the angle between the ball and the shaft of the femur is reduced, resulting in a limp.
  • Knee: genu varum (from Latin genu = knee) — the tibia is turned inward in relation to the femur, resulting in a bowlegged deformity.
  • Ankle: talipes varus (from Latin talus = ankle and pes = foot) — inward turning of the heel, resulting in clubfoot with the person walking on the outer part of the foot.
  • Toe: hallux varus (Latin hallux = big toe) — inward deviation of the big toe away from the second toe.
  • Elbows: cubitus varus (Latin cubitus = elbow) — turned inward elbows

See also

 •  • [ e]
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (, )
ArthropathiesArthritis (Reactive arthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriatic arthritis, Felty's syndrome, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Still's disease) - crystal (Gout, Chondrocalcinosis) - Osteoarthritis (Heberden's node, Bouchard's nodes) - acquired deformities of fingers and toes (Boutonniere deformity, Bunion, Hallux rigidus, Hallux varus, Hammer toe) - other acquired deformities of limbs (Valgus deformity, Varus deformity, Wrist drop, Foot drop, Flat feet, Club foot, Unequal leg length, Winged scapula) - Chondromalacia patellae
Systemic connective
tissue disorders		Polyarteritis nodosa - Churg-Strauss syndrome - Kawasaki disease - Hypersensitivity vasculitis - Goodpasture's syndrome - Wegener's granulomatosis - Arteritis (Takayasu's arteritis, Temporal arteritis) - Microscopic polyangiitis - Systemic lupus erythematosus (Drug-induced) - Dermatomyositis (Juvenile dermatomyositis) - Polymyositis - Scleroderma - Sjgren's syndrome - Behet's disease - Polymyalgia rheumatica - Eosinophilic fasciitis - Hypermobility
DorsopathiesKyphosis - Lordosis - Scoliosis - Scheuermann's disease - Spondylolysis - Spondylolisthesis - Spondylopathies (Ankylosing spondylitis, Spondylosis, Spinal stenosis) - Schmorl's nodes - Degenerative disc disease - Coccydynia - Back pain (Radiculopathy, Sciatica, Lumbago, Low back pain)
Soft tissue disordersMyositis - Myositis ossificans (Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva) - Synovitis - Tenosynovitis (Stenosing tenosynovitis, Trigger finger, DeQuervain's syndrome) - Bursitis (Olecranon, Prepatellar, Trochanteric) - fibroblastic (Dupuytren's contracture, Plantar fasciitis, Nodular fasciitis, Necrotizing fasciitis, Fasciitis, Fibromatosis) - enthesopathies (Iliotibial band syndrome, Achilles tendinitis, Golfer's elbow, Tennis elbow, Metatarsalgia, Bone spur, Tendinitis) - Myalgia
OsteopathiesOsteoporosis - Pseudarthrosis - Stress fracture - Monostotic fibrous dysplasia - Skeletal fluorosis - Aneurysmal bone cyst - Osteomyelitis - Avascular necrosis - Paget's disease of bone - Algoneurodystrophy - Osteolysis
ChondropathiesJuvenile osteochondrosis (Legg-Calv-Perthes syndrome, Osgood-Schlatter disease, Khler disease, Sever's disease) - Tietze's syndrome
See also conditions (Q65-Q79, )
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), formerly referred to as magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) and, in scientific circles and as originally marketed by companies such as General Electric, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) or NMR zeugmatography imaging
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For other uses of "ICD", see ICD (disambiguation).


The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD
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List of ICD-10 codes. The version for 2007 is available online at [1]

Chapter Blocks Title
I Certain infectious and parasitic diseases
II Neoplasms
III Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism
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Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics (also spelled orthopaedics, see below) is the branch of surgery concerned with acute, chronic, traumatic, and overuse injuries and other disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
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valgus deformity is a term for the outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint. The opposite of valgus is called varus.

The terms varus and valgus always refer to the direction that the distal segment of the joint points.
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A Coxa vara is a deformity of the hip, whereby the angle between the ball and the shaft of the femur is reduced to less than 120 degrees. This results in the leg being shortened, and therefore a limp occurs. It is commonly caused by injury, such as a fracture.
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Genu varum or Blount's disease, commonly referred to as bow-leggedness, is a deformity marked by medial angulation of the leg in relation to the thigh, an outward bowing of the legs, giving the appearance of a bow.
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MeSH D050488 Hallux varus is a deformity of the great toe joint where the Hallux (or Great Toe) is deviated medially (towards the midline of the body) away from the 1st metatarsal. The hallux usually moves in the transverse plane.
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Cubitus varus (Opposite: Cubitus valgus) is a common deformity resulting from a Supracondylar fracture of the lower humerus. It can be corrected via a corrective osteotomy of the humerus and either internal or external fixation of the bone until union.
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valgus deformity is a term for the outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint. The opposite of valgus is called varus.

The terms varus and valgus always refer to the direction that the distal segment of the joint points.
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The musculoskeletal system (also known as the locomotor system) is an organ system that gives animals the ability to physically move using the muscles and skeletal system.
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Connective tissue is one of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications (the others being epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue.) It is largely a category of exclusion rather than one with a precise definition, but all or most tissues in this category are similarly:
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arthropathy is a disease of a joint. Although the terms "arthropathy" and arthritis have very similar meanings, the former is traditionally used to describe the following conditions:
  • Reactive arthropathy

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MeSH D001168 Arthritis (from Greek arthro-, joint + -itis, inflammation; plural: arthritides) is a group of conditions where there is damage caused to the joints of the body. Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in people over the age of 55.
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MeSH C01.539.100.500 Reactive arthritis (ReA) is an autoimmune condition that develops in response to an infection in another part of your body. Coming into contact with bacteria and developing an infection can trigger reactive arthritis.
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Rheumatoid arthritis
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 M 05. -M 06.
ICD-9 714

OMIM 180300
DiseasesDB 11506
MedlinePlus 000431
eMedicine med/2024   emerg/48 pmr/124
MeSH D001172

Rheumatoid arthritis (
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Psoriatic arthritis
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 L 40.5 , M 07.
ICD-9 696.0

Psoriatic arthritis (also arthropathic psoriasis or psoriatic arthropathy
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MeSH D005258

Felty's syndrome is a condition characterized by the triad of rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly and granulocytopenia.[1]

Complications

  • Recurrent Infection,
  • Hypersplenism → causing 2° anaemia ± thrombocytopenia

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MeSH D001171

This article does not deal with the more general topic of childhood arthritis.


Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), formerly known as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA),[1]
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Still's disease is a form of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, characterized by high spiking fevers and transient rashes, named after the English physician Sir George Frederic Still (1861-1941).
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Gout
Classification & external resources

Uric acid
ICD-10 M 10.
ICD-9 274.0 274.1 274.8 274.9

OMIM 138900 300323
DiseasesDB 29031

eMedicine med/924   orthoped/124 emerg/221 med/1112 oph/506 radio/313
MeSH D006073 Gout
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MeSH D002805 Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) is a rheumatologic disorder with varied clinical manifestations due to precipitation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in the connective tissues.
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Osteoarthritis
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 M 15. -M 19. , M 47.
ICD-9 715

OMIM 165720
DiseasesDB 9313
MedlinePlus 000423
eMedicine med/1682   orthoped/427 pmr/93 radio/492
MeSH D010003


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Heberden's nodes - Named for William Heberden (1710-1801)[1] - are hard or bony swellings which can develop in the distal interphalangeal joints (the furthest joints before the tips of the fingers or toes.
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Bouchard's nodes are hard, bony outgrowths or gelatinous cysts on the proximal interphalangeal joints (the middle joints of fingers or toes.) They are a sign of osteoarthritis, and are caused by formation of calcific spurs of the articular (joint) cartilage.
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The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter.
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bunion (hallux valgus) is a sometimes painful structural deformity of the bones and the joint between the foot and big toe.

A bunion is an enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint).
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MeSH D020859 Hallux rigidus is a condition restricting dorsiflexion of the hallux ("big toe").

External links

  • Duke Orthopedics hallux_rigidus_and_cheilectomy
  • -66715641 at GPnotebook
  • Overview at aaos.

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MeSH D050488 Hallux varus is a deformity of the great toe joint where the Hallux (or Great Toe) is deviated medially (towards the midline of the body) away from the 1st metatarsal. The hallux usually moves in the transverse plane.
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Hammer toe
Classification & external resources

A Mallet Toe is evident on the 3rd digit
ICD-10 M 20.4 , Q 66.8
ICD-9 735.4 , 755.66

MeSH D037801 A hammer toe
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