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Information about Upper Limb

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The human upper arm
In human anatomy, the upper limb (also upper extremity) refers to what in common English is known as the arm, that is, the region of the shoulder to the fingertips. It includes the entire limb, and thus, is not synonymous with the term upper arm.

General structures

The upper limb includes the following structures: Note that anatomists use the term arm to denote only the region between the shoulder and the elbow. This is in contrast to the proper English definition. Anatomists also use the term leg to refer to the region between the knee and the ankle. This, however, is the proper and traditional usage of the word, even though popular modern usage tends to include the thigh and foot in the definition.

Bones

The following bones are considered to be part of the upper limb:

References

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General anatomy of upper limbs
Arm
Forearm
Hand
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Bones of upper limbs
Pectoral girdle, clavicleconoid tubercle - trapezoid line - costal tuberosity - subclavian groove
Scapulaspine of scapula - suprascapular notch - acromion - glenoid cavity - glenoidal labrum - coracoid process - fossae (subscapular, supraspinatous, infraspinatous) - borders (superior, lateral/axillary, medial/vertebral) - angles (superior, inferior, lateral) - tubercles (infraglenoid, supraglenoid)
Humerusupper extremity - necks (anatomical, surgical) - tubercles (greater, lesser) - intertubercular groove - body - radial sulcus - deltoid tuberosity
lower extremity - capitulum - trochlea - epicondyles (lateral, medial) - supracondylar ridges (lateral, medial) - fossae (radial, coronoid, olecranon)
Forearmulna: upper extremity (olecranon, coronoid process, tuberosity, radial notch, semilunar notch) - body of ulna - lower extremity (styloid process)
radius: upper extremity (tuberosity) - body - lower extremity (ulnar notch, styloid process)
Handcarpus: scaphoid - lunate - triquetral - pisiform - trapezium - trapezoid - capitate - hamate (hamulus) - metacarpus: 1st metacarpal - 2nd - 3rd - 4th - 5th - phalanges of the hand
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Joints and ligaments of upper limbs
Shouldersternoclavicular: anterior sternoclavicular - posterior sternoclavicular - interclavicular - costoclavicular acromioclavicular: acromioclavicular - coracoclavicular (trapezoid, conoid) - coracoacromial - superior transverse scapular - inferior transverse of scapula glenohumeral: coracohumeral - glenohumeral (superior, middle, and inferior) - transverse humeral - glenoid labrum
Elbowproximal radioulnar, humeroradial, humeroulnar: ulnar collateral - radial collateral - annular - oblique cord
Forearmdistal radioulnar: volar radioulnar - dorsal radioulnar
wrist/radiocarpal: palmar radiocarpal - dorsal radiocarpal - ulnar collateral - radial collateral
Handintercarpal, midcarpal: pisohamate ligament - pisometacarpal ligament carpometacarpal: dorsal carpometacarpal - palmar carpometacarpal intermetacarpal: deep transverse metacarpal - superficial transverse metacarpal metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal
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Muscles of upper limbs
VERTEBRAL COLUMNtrapezius - latissimus dorsi - rhomboid major - rhomboid minor - levator scapulae
THORACIC WALLSpectoralis major - pectoralis minor - subclavius - serratus anterior
SHOULDERdeltoid - rotator cuff (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis) - teres major
ARManterior compartment: coracobrachialis - biceps brachii - brachialis
posterior compartment: triceps brachii - anconeus
FOREARManterior compartment: super. - pronator teres - palmaris longus - flexor carpi radialis - flexor carpi ulnaris - flexor digitorum superficialis - deep - pronator quadratus - flexor digitorum profundus - flexor pollicis longus
posterior compartment: super. - mobile wad (brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis) - extensor digitorum, - extensor digiti minimi - extensor carpi ulnaris - deep - supinator - anatomical snuff box (abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus) - extensor indicis
HANDlateral volar - thenar (opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, adductor pollicis)
medial volar - palmaris brevis - hypothenar (abductor minimi digiti, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi)
intermediate - lumbrical - dorsal interossei - palmar interossei
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Arteries of upper limbs
Axillaryscapular anastomosis - 1st part superior thoracic - 2nd part thoracoacromial - lateral thoracic - 3rd part subscapular (circumflex scapular, thoracodorsal) - anterior humeral circumflex - posterior humeral circumflex
Brachialprofunda brachii (radial collateral, medial collateral) - superior ulnar collateral - inferior ulnar collateral
Radialforearm: radial recurrent - palmar carpal branch - superficial palmar branch
wrist: dorsal carpal branch (dorsal carpal arch, dorsal metacarpal, dorsal digital)
hand: princeps pollicis - radial of index finger - deep palmar arch (palmar metacarpal)
Ulnarforearm: anterior ulnar recurrent - posterior ulnar recurrent - common interosseous (anterior, posterior, recurrent)
wrist: palmar carpal branch - dorsal carpal branch
hand: superficial palmar arch (common palmar digital, proper palmar digital) - deep palmar branch - palmar carpal arch
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Veins of upper limbs
superficialDorsal digital • Dorsal metacarpal • Dorsal network • Palmar digital • Intercapitular • Cephalic • Median cubital • Accessory cephalic • Basilic • Median antebrachial
deepPalmar metacarpal • Superficial palmar arch • Deep palmar arch • Radial • Ulnar • Brachial • Axillary
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Nerves of upper limbs (primarily): the brachial plexus
Supraclaviculardorsal scapular • suprascapular • to the subclavius • long thoracic
Infraclavicular: lateral cordmusculocutaneous (lateral cutaneous of forearm) • lateral pectoral • lateral head of median (anterior interosseous, palmar, common palmar digital, proper palmar digital)
Infraclavicular: medial cordmedial pectoral • medial cutaneous of forearm • medial cutaneous of arm • ulnar (muscular branches, dorsal branch, palmar branch, superficial branch, deep branch) • medial head of median
Infraclavicular: posterior cordsubscapular (upper, lower) • thoracodorsal • axillary (superior lateral cutaneous of arm) • radial (muscular, inferior lateral cutaneous of arm, posterior cutaneous of arm, posterior cutaneous of forearm, superficial branch, deep branch, posterior interosseous)
Othercutaneous innervation of the upper limbs
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Lymphatics of upper limbs
Axillarybrachial - pectoral axillary - subscapular axillary - central - apical
Othersupratrochlear - deltopectoral
Human anatomy is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human body.[1] It is subdivided into gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy.[1]
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Limb can have many meanings.
  • Limb Music - a record label.
  • LIMB - acronym Look In (your) Mail Box
  • from the Old English lim:
  • Limb (anatomy), a limb

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In human anatomy, the shoulder comprises the part of the body where the arm attaches to the torso. It is made up of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons.
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An arm is an upper limb of the body.

Arm (or arms) may also refer to:
  • Armaments, weapons; as in Small arms, Right to bear arms
  • Eta Capricorni, a star, traditional name "Arm"

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elbow-joint is a ginglymus or hinge joint. Three bones form the elbow joint: the humerus of the upper arm, and the paired radius and ulna of the forearm.

The bony prominence at the very tip of the elbow is the olecranon process of the ulna.
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For the firearm component, see .
The forearm is the structure on the upper limb, between the elbow and the wrist.[1]. This term is used in anatomy to distinguish it from the arm (or upper arm).
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wrist is the flexible and narrower connection between the forearm and the palm. The wrist is essentially a double row of small short bones, called carpals, intertwined to form a malleable hinge.
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The hands (med./lat.: manus, pl. manūs) are the two intricate, prehensile, multi-fingered body parts normally located at the end of each arm (medically: "terminating each anterior limb/appendage") of a human or other primate.
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Collarbone and collar bone redirect here. The eye abnormality is correctly spelled coloboma.
This article uses some professional terms to describe relative positions and directions.

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scapula, or shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone).

The scapula forms the posterior part of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape.
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The humerus is a long bone in the arm or fore-legs (animals) that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. On a skeleton, it fits between the scapula and the ulna. It consists of the following three sections:
  • Upper extremity of humerus
  • Body of humerus

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The radius is the bone of the forearm that extends from the outside of the limb to the phlangx (lateral) of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist. The radius is situated on the lateral side of the ulna, which exceeds it in length and size.
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The ulna (elbow bone) is a long bone, prismatic in form, placed at the medial side of the forearm, parallel with the radius.

Articulations

The ulna articulates with:
  • the humerus, at the right side elbow as a hinge joint.

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carpus is the cluster of bones in the hand between the radius and ulna and the metacarpus. The bones of the carpus do not belong to individual fingers, whereas those of the metacarpus do. The joint between the radius and ulna and the carpus is called the wrist.
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The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the hand skeleton that is located between the fingers distally and the carpus which forms the connection to the forearm.

Specific metacarpals


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Phalanges is commonly given to the bones that form fingers and toes. In primates such as humans and monkeys, the thumb and big toe have two phalanges, while the other fingers and toes consist of three. Phalanges are classified as long bones.
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Human anatomy is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human body.[1] It is subdivided into gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy.[1]
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An arm is an upper limb of the body.

Arm (or arms) may also refer to:
  • Armaments, weapons; as in Small arms, Right to bear arms
  • Eta Capricorni, a star, traditional name "Arm"

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The clavipectoral triangle (or deltopectoral triangle) is an anatomical triangle bordered by the following structures:
  • pectoralis major
  • deltoid
  • clavicle
It contains the cephalic vein.
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The Quadrangular Space is a space in the shoulder through which the axillary nerve, the posterior humeral circumflex artery and accompanying veins pass. Four muscles define the posterior edges of the space; teres minor on top, the teres major on the bottom, the long head of the
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The triangular space contains the scapular circumflex vessels.[1]

It is bounded by the Teres minor superiorly, the Teres major inferiorly, and the long head of the Triceps laterally.
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The triangular interval is the space between the long head of the triceps brachii and the humerus, just inferior to the teres major.

The radial nerve and profunda brachii pass through the triangular interval.
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For the bowling style in cricket, see .


The underarm (or armpit, axilla, or oxter) is the area on the human body directly under the joint where the arm connects to the shoulder.
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axillary sheath—continuous above with the deep cervical fascia. A brachial plexus nerve block can be achieved by injecting anaesthetic into this area.

External links

  • SUNY Labs 05:01-0200
  • Description at upstate.

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The lower border of Pectoralis major forms the rounded anterior axillary fold.

See also

  • underarm

External links

  • anterior+axillary+fold at eMedicine Dictionary
  • Description at umich.

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Not to be confused with Fuchsia.


Fascia (făsh'ē-ə), pl. fas·ci·ae (făsh'ē-ē), adj. fascial (făsh'ē-əl) (from latin: a band) is the soft tissue component of the connective tissue system that
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axillary fascia.

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated.
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The Brachial Fascia (deep fascia of the arm) is continuous with that covering the Deltoideus and the Pectoralis major, by means of which it is attached, above, to the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula; it forms a thin, loose, membranous sheath for the muscles of
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fascial compartments, and are formed by tough connective tissue septa. The (upper) arm is divided into two compartments by the lateral intermuscular septum and the medial intermuscular septum: anterior and posterior.
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The posterior compartment of the arm contains muscles which are all supplied by the radial nerve. This compartment is also known as the "extensor compartment", extension being its main action.

The muscles of this compartment are the triceps brachii and anconeus muscle.
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