Information about Upper Extremity Of Humerus
| Bone: Upper extremity of humerus | ||
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| Left humerus. Anterior view. | ||
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| Left humerus. Posterior view. | ||
| subject #51 209 | ||
The head
('caput humeri') The head, nearly hemispherical in form, is directed upward, medialward, and a little backward, and articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula. The circumference of its articular surface is slightly constricted and is termed the anatomical neck, in contradistinction to a constriction below the tubercles called the surgical neck which is frequently the seat of fracture.The anatomical neck
The Anatomical Neck (collum anatomicum) is obliquely directed, forming an obtuse angle with the body. It is best marked in the lower half of its circumference; in the upper half it is represented by a narrow groove separating the head from the tubercles. It affords attachment to the articular capsule of the shoulder-joint, and is perforated by numerous vascular foramina. Fracture of the anatomical neck rarely occurs.The anatomical neck of the humerus is an indentation distal to the head of the humerus on which the articular capsule attaches.
The greater tubercle
('tuberculum majus; greater tuberosity') The greater tubercle is situated lateral to the head and lesser tubercle, and just lateral to the anatomical neck. Its upper surface is rounded and marked by three flat impressions: the highest of these gives insertion to the supraspinatus muscle; the middle to the infraspinatus muscle; the lowest one, and the body of the bone for about 2.5 cm. below it, to the teres minor muscle. The lateral surface of the greater tubercle is convex, rough, and continuous with the lateral surface of the body.The lesser tubercle
('tuberculum minus; lesser tuberosity') The lesser tubercle, although smaller, is more prominent than the greater: it is situated in front, and is directed medialward and forward. Above and in front it presents an impression for the insertion of the tendon of the subscapularis muscle.The intertubercular (bicipital) groove
The tubercles are separated from each other by a deep groove, the intertubercular groove (bicipital groove), which lodges the long tendon of the biceps brachii muscle and transmits a branch of the anterior humeral circumflex artery to the shoulder-joint. It runs obliquely downward, and ends near the junction of the upper with the middle third of the bone. In the fresh state its upper part is covered with a thin layer of cartilage, lined by a prolongation of the synovial membrane of the shoulder-joint; its lower portion gives insertion to the tendon of the latissimus dorsi muscle. It is deep and narrow above, and becomes shallow and a little broader as it descends. Its lips are called, respectively, the crests of the greater and lesser tubercles (bicipital ridges), and form the upper parts of the anterior and medial borders of the body of the bone.The surgical neck
The surgical neck is a narrow area distal to the tubercles that is a common site of fracture. It makes contact with the axillary nerve and the posterior humeral circumflex artery.Additional images
The left shoulder and acromioclavicular joints, and the proper ligaments of the scapula. |
This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.
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The humerus is a long bone in the arm or fore-legs (animals) that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. On a skeleton, it fits between the scapula and the ulna. It consists of the following three sections:
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- Upper extremity of humerus
- Body of humerus
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The humerus is a long bone in the arm or fore-legs (animals) that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. On a skeleton, it fits between the scapula and the ulna. It consists of the following three sections:
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- Upper extremity of humerus
- Body of humerus
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The supraspinatus is a relatively small muscle of the upper limb that takes its name from its origin from the supraspinous fossa superior to the spine of the scapula. It is one of the four rotator cuff muscles and also abducts the arm at the shoulder.
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The Infraspinatus muscle is a thick triangular muscle, which occupies the chief part of the infraspinatous fossa.
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Origin and insertion
It attaches medially to the infraspinous fossa of the scapula and laterally to the greater tubercle of the humerus...... Click the link for more information.
The Teres minor is a narrow, elongated muscle of the rotator cuff.
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Origin and insertion
It arises from the dorsal surface of the axillary border of the scapula for the upper two-thirds of its extent, and from two aponeurotic laminæ, one of which separates it from the..... Click the link for more information.
The Subscapularis is a large triangular muscle which fills the subscapular fossa.
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Origin and insertion
It arises from its medial two-thirds and from the lower two-thirds of the groove on the axillary border(subscapular fossa) of the scapula...... Click the link for more information.
- For other uses, see biceps.
In human anatomy, the biceps brachii is a muscle located on the upper arm. The biceps has several functions, the most important simply being to flex the elbow and to rotate the forearm.
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The anterior humeral circumflex artery (anterior circumflex artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery), considerably smaller than the posterior, arises nearly opposite it, from the lateral side of the axillary artery.
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Synovium is the soft tissue that lines the non-cartilaginous surfaces within joints with cavities (synovial joints). The word synovium comes from a Latin word meaning "with egg," because the synovial fluid in joints that have a cavity between the bearing surfaces is like egg white.
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The latissimus dorsi (plural: latissimi dorsi) is the large, flat, dorso-lateral muscle on the trunk, posterior to the arm, and partly covered by the spinotrapezius on its median dorsal region.
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The axillary nerve is a nerve of the human body, that comes off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus at the level of the axilla (armpit) and carries nerve fibers from C5 and C6.
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The posterior humeral circumflex artery (posterior circumflex artery, posterior circumflex humeral artery) arises from the axillary artery at the lower border of the subscapularis, and runs backward with the axillary nerve through the quadrangular space.
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Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body (or Gray's Anatomy as it has commonly been shortened) is an English-language human anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on the subject.
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Bones are rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals.
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In human anatomy, the upper limb (also upper extremity) refers to what in common English is known as the arm, that is, the region of the shoulder to the fingertips. It includes the entire limb, and thus, is not synonymous with the term upper arm.
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The pectoral girdle is the set of bones which connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton on each side. It consists of the clavicle and scapula in humans and, in those species with three bones in the pectoral girdle, the coracoid. Some mammalian species (e.g.
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- Collarbone and collar bone redirect here. The eye abnormality is correctly spelled coloboma.
- This article uses some professional terms to describe relative positions and directions.
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conoid tubercle (or coracoid tuberosity); this, in the natural position of the bone, surmounts the coracoid process of the scapula, and gives attachment to the conoid ligament.
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From the coracoid tuberosity an oblique ridge, the trapezoid line (or trapezoid ridge, or oblique), runs forward and lateralward, and afford attachment to the trapezoid ligament.
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On the medial part of the clavicle is a broad rough surface, the costal tuberosity (impression for costoclavicular ligament), rather more than 2 cm. in length, for the attachment of the costoclavicular ligament.
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groove, which gives attachment to the Subclavius; the coracoclavicular fascia, which splits to enclose the muscle, is attached to the margins of the groove. Not infrequently this groove is subdivided longitudinally by a line which gives attachment to the intermuscular septum of the
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scapula, or shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone).
The scapula forms the posterior part of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape.
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The scapula forms the posterior part of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape.
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The spine of the scapula is a prominent plate of bone, which crosses obliquely the medial four-fifths of the dorsal surface of the scapula at its upper part, and separates the supra- from the infraspinatous fossa.
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The suprascapular notch (or scapular notch) is a notch in the lateral part of the upper border of the scapula, just next to the base of the coracoid process.
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The acromion process, or simply the acromion, is an anatomical feature on the scapula.
The acromion articulates with the clavicle to form the acromioclavicular joint.
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In humans
It is a continuation of the scapular spine, and hooks over anteriorly.The acromion articulates with the clavicle to form the acromioclavicular joint.
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glenoid cavity (or glenoid fossa of scapula), which is directed lateralward and forward and articulates with the head of the humerus; it is broader below than above and its vertical diameter is the longest.
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glenoidal labrum (glenoid ligament) is a fibrocartilaginous rim attached around the margin of the glenoid cavity.
It is triangular on section, the base being fixed to the circumference of the cavity, while the free edge is thin and sharp.
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It is triangular on section, the base being fixed to the circumference of the cavity, while the free edge is thin and sharp.
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The coracoid process is a small hook-like structure that comes off the scapula to point forward.
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Attachments
It is the site of attachment for several structures:- The pectoralis minor muscle - to 3rd to 5th ribs.
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The costal or ventral surface of the scapula presents a broad concavity, the subscapular fossa.
It provides an attachment for the subscapularis muscle.
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It provides an attachment for the subscapularis muscle.
External links
- Norman/Georgetown lesson1bonesofpostshoulder
- SUNY Labs 03:os-0103
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