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Information about Trauma Center

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A trauma center is a hospital equipped to perform as a casualty receiving station for the emergency medical services by providing the best possible medical care for traumatic injuries 24 hours a day, 365 days per year. Trauma centers were established as the medical establishment realized that such injuries often require immediate and complex surgery to save the patient.

In order to qualify as a trauma center, a hospital must have a number of facilities, including a high-quality intensive-care ward and an operating room staffed around the clock. A trauma service is led by a team of trauma surgeons, including such specialists as neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons. A trauma center will often have a helipad for receiving patients by MEDEVAC.

The operation of a trauma center is extremely expensive. Some areas are under-served by trauma centers because of this expense (for example, Harborview Medical Center in Seattle serves the states of Washington, Idaho, Montana, and Alaska). In Florida, Orlando Regional Medical Center, built to serve five counties, serves more than twenty. Still, in many cases, persons injured in remote areas and brought to a trauma center by helicopter can receive faster and better care than a person injured in a city and taken to a normal hospital by ground ambulance.

In the United States, trauma centers are ranked, from limited-care facilities up to comprehensive service in Level I centers. Some centers specialize in adult or pediatric care.

History

The concept of a trauma center was developed at the University of Maryland, Baltimore in the 1960s and 1970s by heart surgeon and shock researcher R Adams Cowley, who founded what became the Shock Trauma Center in Baltimore, Maryland in 1961 [1][2]. Cook County Hospital in Chicago, Illinois claims to be the first trauma center (opened in 1966) in the United States.[3] Dr. David R Boyd interned at Cook County Hospital from 1963-1964 before being drafted into the United States Army. Upon his release from the Army, Dr. Boyd became the first shock-trauma fellow at the Shock Trauma Center from 1967-1968. Dr. Boyd returned to Cook County Hospital, where he went on to serve as resident director of the Cook County Trauma Unit.[https://secure.facs.org/news/boyd.html]

Definitions

The four levels refer to the kinds of resources available in a trauma center and the number of patients admitted yearly. These are categories that define national standards for trauma care in hospitals. Developed and recommended by the American College of Surgeons.

LevelDescription
IA Level I trauma center has a full range of specialists and equipment available 24 hours a day and admits a minimum required annual volume of severely injured patients. Additionally, a Level I center has a program of research, is a leader in trauma education and injury prevention, and is a referral resource for communities in nearby regions.
IIA Level II trauma center works in collaboration with a Level I center. It provides comprehensive trauma care and supplements the clinical expertise of a Level I institution. It provides 24-hour availability of all essential specialties, personnel, and equipment. Minimum volume requirements may depend on local conditions. These institutions are not required to have an ongoing program of research or a surgical residency program.
IIIA Level III trauma center does not have the full availability of specialists, but does have resources for emergency resuscitation, surgery, and intensive care of most trauma patients. A Level III center has transfer agreements with Level I or Level II trauma centers that provide back-up resources for the care of exceptionally severe injuries.
IVA Level IV trauma center provides stabilization and treatment of severely injured patients in remote areas where no alternative care is available.

See also

External links

 •  • [ e]
Health Science > Medicine > Emergency medicine, medical emergency
ProceduresAdvanced cardiac life support (ACLS) • Advanced Life Support (ALS) • Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) • Basic life support (BLS) • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) • First aid • Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS)
Trauma centersLevel I • Level II • Level III • Level IV
EquipmentAmbulance • Bag valve mask • Chest tube • Defibrillation (AED, ICD) • Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) • Intraosseous infusion (IO) • Intravenous therapy (IV) • Intubation
PeopleCertified first responder • Emergency medical technician (EMT) • Paramedic • Emergency physician • BASICS Doctor
DrugsAtropine • Epinephrine • Amiodarone • Magnesium • Bicarbonate
OtherGolden hour • Emergency department • Emergency medical services • Emergency psychiatry • Triage
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WII may refer to:
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  • World War II (WWII)



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hospital is an institution for health care, often but not always providing for longer-term patient stays. Today, hospitals are usually funded by the state, health organizations (for profit or non-profit), health insurances or charities, including direct charitable donations.
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An Emergency medical service (abbreviated to initialism "EMS" in many countries) is a service providing out-of-hospital acute care and transport to definitive care, to patients with illnesses and injuries which the patient believes constitutes a medical emergency.
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Physical trauma refers to a physical injury. A trauma patient is someone who has suffered serious and life-threatening physical injury potentially resulting in secondary complications such as shock, respiratory failure and death.
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surgery (from the Greek χειρουργική meaning "hand work") is the medical specialty that treats diseases or injuries by operative manual and instrumental treatment.
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Neurosurgery is the surgical discipline focused on treating those central, peripheral nervous system and spinal column diseases amenable to mechanical intervention.

Definition and scope

According to the U.S.
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Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics (also spelled orthopaedics, see below) is the branch of surgery concerned with acute, chronic, traumatic, and overuse injuries and other disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
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helipad is a grammatical contraction meaning helicopter landing pad, a landing area for helicopters. Though helicopters can usually land anywhere flat, a fabricated helipad provides a clearly marked hard surface away from obstacles where a helicopter can land.
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Harborview Medical Center

Location
Place King County, Washington, (US)

Organization
Care System Public, Medicaid, Medicare
Hospital Type Teaching
Affiliated University
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State of Idaho

Flag of Idaho Seal
Nickname(s): Gem State, Spud State
Motto(s): Esto perpetua

Official language(s) English [1]

Capital Boise
Largest city Boise

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State of Montana

Flag of Montana Seal
Nickname(s): Treasure State, Big Sky Country
Motto(s): Oro y plata (Gold and silver)

Official language(s) English

Capital Helena
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Alaska

Flag of Alaska Seal
Nickname(s): The Last Frontier
Motto(s): "North to the Future"

Official language(s) None[1]
Spoken language(s) English 85.7%,
Native North American 5.
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The Orlando Regional Medical Center (ORMC) is the only level I trauma center in the Central Florida area and, therefore, provides intensive care for this area. ORMC is part of a group of hospitals known as Orlando Regional Healthcare, and itself is home to three other
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helicopter is an aircraft which is lifted and propelled by one or more horizontal rotors, each rotor consisting of two or more rotor blades. Helicopters are classified as rotorcraft or rotary-wing aircraft to distinguish them from fixed-wing aircraft because the helicopter derives
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ambulance is a vehicle for transporting sick or injured people,[1]to, from or between places of treatment for an illness or injury. The term ambulance is used to describe a vehicle used to bring medical care to patients outside of the hospital and when appropriate, to
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Motto
"In God We Trust"   (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum"   ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
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In the United States, a Level I trauma center provides the highest level of surgical care to trauma patients.

A Level I trauma center is required to have a certain number of surgeons and anesthesiologists on duty 24 hours a day at the hospital, an education program,
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Please help [ improve the article] or discuss these issues on the talk page. The term adult has three distinct meanings:
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Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics) is the branch of medicine that deals with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents (from newborn to age 14-21, depending on the country).
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University of Maryland, Baltimore, (also known as UMB) was founded in 1807. It is one of the oldest universities in the United States and comprises some of the oldest professional schools in the nation and world.
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Shock
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 many incl. R 57.
ICD-9 785

DiseasesDB 12013
MedlinePlus 000039
eMedicine emerg/531   med/285 emerg/533

MeSH D012769

For other uses, see Shock.

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R Adams Cowley (July 25, 1917–October 27, 1991) was an American physician considered a pioneer in emergency medicine and the treatment of shock trauma.[1]

Cowley was born in Layton, Utah.
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R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center (also known simply as Shock Trauma or Shocktrauma) is a trauma center in Baltimore, Maryland. It was the first facility in the world to treat shock.
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