Information about Totipotent
Totipotency is the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all the differentiated cells in an organism, including extraembryonic tissues. Totipotent cells formed during sexual and asexual reproduction include spores and zygotes. Zygotes are the products of the fusion of two gametes (fertilization). In some organisms, cells can dedifferentiate and regain totipotency. For example, a plant cutting or callus can be used to grow an entire plant.
Human development begins when a sperm fertilizes an egg and creates a single totipotent cell (zygote). In the first hours after fertilization, this cell divides into identical totipotent cells. Approximately four days after fertilization and after several cycles of cell division, these totipotent cells begin to specialize.
Totipotent cells have total potential. They specialize into pluripotent cells that can give rise to most, but not all, of the tissues necessary for fetal development. Pluripotent cells undergo further specialization into multipotent cells that are committed to give rise to cells that have a particular function. For example, multipotent blood stem cells give rise to the red cells, white cells and platelets in the blood.
Importantly, totipotent cells must be able to differentiate not only into any cell in the organism, but also into the extraembryonic tissue associated with that organism. For example, human stem cells are considered totipotent only if they can develop into any cell in the body, or into placental cells that do not become part of the developing fetus. This is an important aspect of the stem cell controversy.
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Human development begins when a sperm fertilizes an egg and creates a single totipotent cell (zygote). In the first hours after fertilization, this cell divides into identical totipotent cells. Approximately four days after fertilization and after several cycles of cell division, these totipotent cells begin to specialize.
Totipotent cells have total potential. They specialize into pluripotent cells that can give rise to most, but not all, of the tissues necessary for fetal development. Pluripotent cells undergo further specialization into multipotent cells that are committed to give rise to cells that have a particular function. For example, multipotent blood stem cells give rise to the red cells, white cells and platelets in the blood.
Importantly, totipotent cells must be able to differentiate not only into any cell in the organism, but also into the extraembryonic tissue associated with that organism. For example, human stem cells are considered totipotent only if they can develop into any cell in the body, or into placental cells that do not become part of the developing fetus. This is an important aspect of the stem cell controversy.
Basis of totipotency
The molecular mechanisms controlling totipotency are not well understood and are a subject for current research. In particular, a February 2006 report in Science suggests that in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, multiple mechanisms including RNA regulation maintain totipotency at different stages of development.See also
Cell Potency |
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Plantae Chromalveolata Heterokontophyta Haptophyta Cryptophyta Alveolata
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spore is a reproductive structure that is adapted for dispersion and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, fungi and some protozoans.
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- For other meanings see Zygote (disambiguation).
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A gamete (from Ancient Greek γαμετης; translated gamete = wife, gametes = husband) is a cell that fuses with another gamete during fertilisation (conception) in organisms that reproduce sexually.
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Fertilization (also known as conception, fecundation and syngamy), is fusion of gametes to form a new organism of the same species. In animals, the process involves a sperm fusing with an ovum, which eventually leads to the development of an embryo.
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cutting, also known as striking/cloning, is a technique for vegetatively (asexually) propagating plants in which a piece of the source plant containing at least one stem cell is placed in a suitable medium such as moist soil, potting mix, coir or rock wool.
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In biology research a Callus of Cells is a mass of undifferentiated cells.
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Design
A callus is usually sustained on gel media, much in the same manner as bacteria are grown...... Click the link for more information.
A spermatozoon or spermatozoan (pl. spermatozoa), from the ancient Greek σπέρμα (seed) and ζῷον (living being) and more commonly known as a sperm cell
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Pluripotency in the broad sense refers to "having more than one potential outcome". In biological systems, this can refer either to cells or to biological compounds.
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Pluripotent (cell biology)
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Multipotent progenitor cells can give rise to several other cell types, but those types are limited in number. An example of a multipotent stem cell is a hematopoietic cell — a blood stem cell that can develop into several types of blood cells, but cannot develop into brain
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Red blood cells are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate body's principal means of delivering oxygen from the lungs or gills to body tissues via the blood.
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White blood cells or leukocytes are cells of the immune system which defend the body against both infectious disease and foreign materials. Several different and diverse types of leukocytes exist, but they are all produced and derived from a multipotent cell in the bone
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Platelets, or thrombocytes, are the cell fragments circulating in the blood that are involved in the cellular mechanisms of primary hemostasis leading to the formation of blood clots.
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The placenta is an ephemeral (temporary) organ present in placental vertebrates, such as some mammals and sharks during gestation (pregnancy).
The placenta develops from the same sperm and egg cells that form the fetus, and functions as a fetomaternal organ with two
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The placenta develops from the same sperm and egg cells that form the fetus, and functions as a fetomaternal organ with two
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There is widespread controversy over stem cell research largely due to techniques used in the creation and usage of human embryonic stem cells. Some opponents of the research argue that this practice is a slippery slope to reproductive cloning and fundamentally devalues the
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elegans
Binomial name
Caenorhabditis elegans
Maupas, 1900
Caenorhabditis elegans (IPA:
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Binomial name
Caenorhabditis elegans
Maupas, 1900
Caenorhabditis elegans (IPA:
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Stem cells are primal cells found in all multi-cellular organisms. They retain the ability to renew themselves through mitotic cell division and can differentiate into a diverse range of specialized cell types.
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- For other meanings see Zygote (disambiguation).
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spore is a reproductive structure that is adapted for dispersion and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, fungi and some protozoans.
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Pluripotency in the broad sense refers to "having more than one potential outcome". In biological systems, this can refer either to cells or to biological compounds.
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Pluripotent (cell biology)
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Pluripotency in the broad sense refers to "having more than one potential outcome". In biological systems, this can refer either to cells or to biological compounds.
..... Click the link for more information.
Pluripotent (cell biology)
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Multipotent progenitor cells can give rise to several other cell types, but those types are limited in number. An example of a multipotent stem cell is a hematopoietic cell — a blood stem cell that can develop into several types of blood cells, but cannot develop into brain
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For the mathematical concept see unipotent.
In cell biology, a unipotent cell is one that has the capacity to develop/differentiate into only one type of tissue/cell type.[1] The most common of these in humans are skin cells...... Click the link for more information.
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