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Information about Torus Palatinus


Classification & external resources
This is an example of palatal torus.
ICD-10K10.0
Torus palatinus (pl. palatal tori) is a bony growth on the palate. Palatal tori are usually present on the midline of the hard palate.[1] Most palatal tori are less than 2 cm in diameter, but their size can change throughout life.

The prevalence of palatal tori ranges from 9% - 60% and are more common than bony growths occurring on the mandible, known as torus mandibularis. Palatal tori are more common in Asian and Inuit populations, and twice more common in females. In the United States, the prevalence is 20% - 35% of the population with similar findings between blacks and whites.

Although some research suggest palatal tori to be an autosomal dominant trait, it is generally believed that palatal tori are caused by several factors.[1] They are more common in early adult life and can increase in size. In some older people, the size of the tori may decrease due to bone resorption. Consequently, it is believed that mandibular tori are the result of local stresses and not solely on genetic influences.

Sometimes, the tori are categorized by their appearance.[1] Arising as a broad base and a smooth surface, flat tori are located on the midline of the palate and extend symmetrically to either side. Spindle tori have a ridge located at their midline. Nodular tori have multiple bony growths that each have their own base. Lobular tori have multiple bony growths with a common base.

Palatal tori are usually a clinical finding with no treatment necessary.[4] It is possible for ulcers to form on the area of the tori due to repeated trauma. Also, the tori may complicate the fabrication of dentures. If removal of the tori is needed, surgery can be done to reduce the amount of bone present.

References

1. ^ Neville, B.W., D. Damm, C. Allen, J. Bouquot. Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology. Second edition. 2002. Page 20. ISBN 0-7216-9003-3.
2. ^ Neville, B.W., D. Damm, C. Allen, J. Bouquot. Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology. Second edition. 2002. Page 20. ISBN 0-7216-9003-3.
3. ^ Neville, B.W., D. Damm, C. Allen, J. Bouquot. Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology. Second edition. 2002. Page 20. ISBN 0-7216-9003-3.
4. ^ Tori Mandibular, Maxillary, and Palatal. Study guide for Oral Pathology students at the University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry.


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Oral Pathology: Oral pathology (, )
Developmental AnomaliesAnodontia/Hypodontia - Hyperdontia - abnormalities of size and form of teeth (Concrescence, Fusion, Gemination, Dens evaginatus/Talon cusp, Dens invaginatus, Enamel pearl, Macrodontia, Microdontia, Taurodontism) - disturbances in tooth formation (Dilaceration, Regional odontodysplasia, Turner's hypoplasia) - other hereditary disturbances in tooth structure (Amelogenesis imperfecta, Dentinogenesis imperfecta, Dentin dysplasia)
Hard, Soft and Periapical TissuesAttrition - Abrasion - Ankylosis - Dental caries - Denticles - Erosion - External resorption - Fluorosis - Gingivitis - Hypercementosis - Impaction - Internal resorption - Periodontitis - Pulpitis - Pulp stones - Ulcer
Dentofacial AnomaliesMalocclusion - Micrognathism - Prognathism - Retrognathism - Temporomandibular joint disorder
Maxillomandibular anomaliesOdontogenic keratocyst - Torus mandibularis - Torus palatinus - Cherubism - Ameloblastoma
Salivary glandsDrooling - Benign lymphoepithelial lesion - Frey's syndrome - Mikulicz's disease - Mucus retention cyst - Mumps -
Necrotizing sialometaplasia - Ranula - Sialadenitis - Sialolithiasis - Sjogren's syndrome - Stomatitis - Xerostomia
Lip and Oral mucosaAngular cheilitis - Erythroplakia - Hairy leukoplakia - Leukoplakia
TongueGeographic tongue - Fissured tongue - Glossitis - Glossodynia - Black hairy tongue
For other uses of "ICD", see ICD (disambiguation).


The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD
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List of ICD-10 codes. The version for 2007 is available online at [1]

Chapter Blocks Title
I Certain infectious and parasitic diseases
II Neoplasms
III Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism
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Bones are rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals.
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An exostosis (plural: exostoses) is the formation of new bone on the surface of a bone. Exostosis can cause chronic pain ranging from mild to debilitatingly severe, depending on where they are located and what shape they are.
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Not to be confused with palette or pallet.
The palate (IPA: /ˈpælət/ or /ˈpælɪt/
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mandible (from Latin mandibūla, "jawbone") or inferior maxillary bone is, together with the maxilla, the largest and strongest bone of the face . It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place.
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Torus mandibularis (pl. mandibular tori) is a bony growth in the mandible along the surface nearest to the tongue. Mandibular tori are usually present near the premolars and above the location of the mylohyoid muscle's attachment to the mandible.
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Female (♀) is the sex of an organism, or a part of an organism, which produces ova (egg cells). The ova are defined as the larger gametes in a heterogamous reproduction system, while the smaller, usually motile gamete, the spermatozoon is produced by the male.
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dominance relationship refers to how the alleles for a locus interact to produce a phenotype.

There are three main kinds of dominance relationships:
  • Simple dominance or complete dominance (simple Mendelian inheritance) over a recessive trait

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Genetics is the science of heredity and variation in living organisms.[1][2] Knowledge of the inheritance of characteristics has been implicitly used since prehistoric times for improving crop plants and animals through selective breeding.
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An ulcer (from Latin ulcus) is an open sore of the skin, eyes or mucous membrane, often caused, but not exclusively, by an initial abrasion and generally maintained by an inflammation, an infection, and/or medical conditions which impede healing.
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Dentures are prosthetic devices constructed to replace missing teeth, and which are supported by surrounding soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. Conventional dentures are removable, however there are many different denture designs, some which rely on bonding or clipping onto
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surgery (from the Greek χειρουργική meaning "hand work") is the medical specialty that treats diseases or injuries by operative manual and instrumental treatment.
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mouth, also known as the buccal cavity or the oral cavity, is the orifice through which an organism takes in food and water.

Location

In all mammals, the mouth is forward-facing in the face. Non-mammals have mouths in other locations (e.g.
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Pathologist redirects here. For other uses of the terms pathology or pathological, see pathology (disambiguation).


Pathology is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, cells and bodily fluids.
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Oral pathology, also known in the United States of America as oral and maxillofacial pathology is the specialty of dentistry and pathology which deals with the nature, identification, and management of diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial regions.
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anodontia, also called anodontia vera, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the congenital absence of all primary or permanent teeth. It is associated with the group of skin and nerve syndromes called the ectodermal dysplasias.
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hypodontia is the condition of naturally having fewer than the regular number of teeth. In Caucasians, the most commonly missing teeth are the wisdom teeth (25-35%), the upper lateral incisors (2%) or the lower second premolars (3%) The congenital absence of all teeth is called
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Hyperdontia is the condition of having supernumerary teeth, or teeth which appear in addition to the regular number of teeth. The most common supernumerary tooth is a mesiodens, which is a mal-formed, peg-like tooth that occurs between the maxillary central incisors.
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Concrescence is a condition of teeth where the cementum overlying the roots of at least two teeth join together. The cause can sometimes be attributed to trauma or crowding of teeth. Surgical separation of the teeth may be necessary if one is to be extracted.
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tooth fusion is the joining of two teeth, resulting in a single dental entity. Fusion may involve the entire length of the teeth, or only the roots, depending on the stage of development of the teeth at the time of the union. The root canal can be shared or separate.
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Gemination is when, during development, a tooth splits to form what appears to be two teeth.

Gemination is easily confused with fusion, which is the result of two teeth which fuse either partially or entirely during development to form what appears to be a single
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Dens envaginatus is a condition found in teeth where the outer surface appears to form an extra bump or cusp. Premolars are more likely to be affected than any other tooth. This may be seen more frequently in Asians.

References

  • Kahn, Michael A.

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talon cusp, also known as an "eagle's talon", is an extra cusp on an anterior tooth. The term refers to the same condition as dens evaginatus, but the talon cusp is the manifestation of dens evaginatus on anterior teeth.
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Dens invaginatus, also known as dens in dente, is a condition found in teeth where the outer surface folds inward. There are coronal and radicular forms, with the coronal form being more common.

References

  • Kahn, Michael A.

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enamel pearl is a condition of teeth where enamel is found on locations where enamel is not supposed to be, such as on a root surface. They are found usually in the area between roots, which is called a furcation, of molars. Enamel pearls are not common in teeth with a single root.
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Macrodontia is a condition in which the teeth appear larger than normal. It is commonly associated with gigantism.

References

  • Kahn, Michael A. Basic Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. Volume 1. 2001.

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Microdontia is a condition in which teeth appear smaller than normal. In the generalized form, all teeth are involved. In the localized form, only a few teeth are involved. The most common teeth affected are the upper lateral incisors and third molars.
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Taurodontism is a condition found in teeth where the body of the tooth and pulp chamber is enlarged. As a result, the floor of the pulp and the furcation of the tooth is moved apically down the root.
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Dilaceration is a developmental disturbance in shape of teeth. It refers to an angulation, or a sharp bend or curve, in the root or crown of a formed tooth.

Description

The condition is thought to be due to trauma during the period in which tooth is forming.
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