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Information about Titin

Not to be confused with Tintin.
Sliding filament model of muscle contraction. (Titin labeled at upper right.)
Identifiers
SymbolTTN
Entrez7273
HUGO12403
OMIM188840
RefSeqNM_133378
UniProtQ8WZ42
Other data
LocusChr. 2 q31


Titin, also known as connectin[1] (UniProt name: Q10466_HUMAN; accession number: Q10466), is a protein that is important in the contraction of striated muscle tissues.

Function

Titin connects the Z line to the M line in the sarcomere. The protein limits the range of motion of the sarcomere in tension, thus contributing to the passive stiffness of muscle. Variations in the sequence of titin between different types of muscle (e.g. cardiac or skeletal) has been correlated with differences in the mechanical properties of the muscles.[2]

Structure

Titin is the largest known protein, consisting of 26,926 amino acids. The molecular weight of the mature protein is approximately 2,993,451.39 Da, and it has a theoretical pI of 6.01.[3] The protein's empirical chemical formula is C132983H211861N36149O40883S693. It has a theoretical instability index (II) of 39.69, indicating that it would be stable in a test tube. The protein's in vivo half-life, the time it takes for half of the amount of protein in a cell to disappear after its synthesis in the cell, is predicted to be approximately 30 hours (in mammalian reticulocytes).[4]

Linguistic significance

As the largest known protein, titin has the longest full chemical name. The full chemical name, containing 189,820 letters, is sometimes stated to be the longest word in the English language.

References

1. ^ Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) 188840
2. ^ Labeit S, Kolmerer B (1995). "Titins: giant proteins in charge of muscle ultrastructure and elasticity". Science 270: 293-6. 
3. ^ ExPASy-calculated pI for titin. Retrieved on 2007-08-26.
4. ^ Swiss-Prot Protein knowledgebase, main entry. Retrieved on 2006-05-04.

External links

 •  • [ e]
Histology: muscle tissue
skeletal muscle/generalepimysium, fascicle, perimysium, endomysium, muscle fiber (intrafusal, extrafusal), myofibril sarcomere (a, i, and h bands; z and m lines), myofilaments (thin filament/actin, thick filament/myosin, elastic filament/titin, nebulin), tropomyosin, troponin (T, C, I) costamere (dystrophin, α,β-dystrobrevin, syncoilin, synemin/desmuslin, dysbindin, sarcoglycan, dystroglycan, sarcospan), desmin neuromuscular junction, motor unit, muscle spindle, excitation-contraction coupling, sliding filament mechanism myoblast, satellite cell, sarcoplasm, sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, T-tubule
cardiac musclemyocardium, intercalated disc, nebulette
smooth musclecalmodulin, vascular smooth muscle
Tintin may refer to:
  • Tintin, the human half of Tintin and Snowy, the comics duo created by Hergé
  • The Adventures of Tintin (Les Aventures de Tintin), a series of comic books by Hergé
  • Hergé's Adventures of Tintin

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The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a powerful federated search engine, or web portal that allows users to search many discrete health sciences databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website.
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Hugo is a male given name, a latinized form of the name Hugh, a German/Teutonic name meaning "Bright in Mind and Spirit".

Hugo is one of the most popular names in Europe ranking as high as #2 in France, #6 in Spain, and #7 in Belgium in 2006.
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The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health. The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland and was founded in 1988.
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Swiss-Prot is a manually curated biological database of protein sequences. Swiss-Prot was created in 1986 by Amos Bairoch during his PhD and developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and the European Bioinformatics Institute.
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locus (plural loci) is a fixed position on a chromosome, such as the position of a gene or a biomarker (genetic marker). A variant of the DNA sequence at a given locus is called an allele. The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a genetic map.
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UniProt is the universal protein database, a central repository of protein data created by combining Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL and PIR. This makes it the world's most comprehensive resource on protein information.
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Accession number may mean:
  • Accession number (bioinformatics), a unique identifier given to a biological polymer sequence (DNA, protein) when it is submitted to a sequence database.

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Proteins are large organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues.
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Striated muscle can refer to:
  • Skeletal muscle
  • Cardiac muscle
In practice, the term "striated muscle" is sometimes used to refer exclusively to skeletal muscle when distinguishing it from smooth muscle.
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A sarcomere is the basic unit of a muscle's cross-striated myofibril. Sarcomeres are multi-protein complexes composed of three different filament systems.
  • The thick filament system is composed of myosin protein which is connected from the M-line to the Z-disc by Titin

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Tension is a reaction force applied by a stretched string (rope or a similar object) on the objects which stretch it. The direction of the force of tension is parallel to the string, towards the string.
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amino acid is a molecule that contains both amine and carboxyl functional groups. In biochemistry, this term refers to alpha-amino acids with the general formula H2NCHRCOOH, where R is an organic substituent.
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molecular mass (abbreviated Mr) of a substance, formerly also called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12).
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The unified atomic mass unit (u), or dalton (Da), is a small unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular masses. It is defined to be one twelfth of the mass of an unbound atom of the carbon-12 nuclide, at rest and in its ground state.
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The isoelectric point (pI) is the pH at which a particular molecule or surface carries no net electrical charge. Amphoteric molecules called zwitterions contain both positive and negative charges depending on the functional groups present in the molecule.
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A chemical formula is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. A chemical formula is also a short way of showing how a chemical reaction occurs.
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The Instability index is a measure of proteins, used to determine whether it will be stable in a test tube.

If the index is less than 40 (for example, titin), then it is probably stable in the test tube. If it is greater (for example, enaptin) then it is probably not stable.
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test tube, also known as a culture tube, is a piece of laboratory glassware composed of a finger-like length of glass tubing, open at the top, with a rounded U-shaped bottom. Often, the top features a flared lip.
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In vivo (Latin: (with)in the living) means that which takes place inside an organism. In science, in vivo refers to experimentation done in or on the living tissue of a whole, living organism as opposed to a partial or dead one.
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For , see .
The half-life of a quantity, subject to exponential decay, is the time required for the quantity to decay to half of its initial value.
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Mammalia
Linnaeus, 1758

Subclasses & Infraclasses
  • Subclass †Allotheria*
  • Subclass Prototheria
  • Subclass Theria

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Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells, typically composing about 1% of the red cells in the human body. Reticulocytes develop and mature in the red bone marrow and then circulate for about a day in the blood stream before developing into mature red blood cells.
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The longest word in English depends upon the definition of what constitutes an English word. English allows new words to be formed by construction; long words are coined; place names may be considered words; technical terms may be arbitrarily long.
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The Mendelian Inheritance in Man project is a database that catalogues all the known diseases with a genetic component, and - when possible - links them to the relevant genes in the human genome and provides references for further research and tools for genomic analysis of a
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Histology (from the Greek ἱστός) is the study of tissue sectioned as a thin slice, using a microtome. It can be described as microscopic anatomy.
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MUSCLE (multiple sequence comparison by log-expectation) is public domain, multiple sequence alignment software for protein and nucleotide sequences.
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Skeletal muscle is a type of striated muscle, usually attached to the skeleton. Skeletal muscles are used to create movement, by applying force to bones and joints; via contraction.
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Epimysium is a layer of connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It is continuous with fascia and other connective tissue wrappings of muscle including the endomysium, and perimysium.
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In anatomy, a fascicle is a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue.

Specialized muscle fibers in the heart which transmit electrical impulses from the Atrioventricular Node (AV Node) to the Purkinje Fibers are fascicles, also referred to as bundle
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