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Information about Tibial Nerve

Nerve:
Plan of sacral and pudendal plexuses. (Tibial nerve labeled at center left.)
Nerves of the right lower extremity Posterior view.
Latinn. tibialis
subject #213 960
InnervatesMedial: abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucis brevis, first lumbrical
Lateral: quadratus plantae, flexor digiti minimi, adductor hallucis, the interossei, three lumbricals. and abductor digiti minimi
Fromsacral plexus via sciatic nerve
Tomedial plantar nerve, lateral plantar nerve
MeSH Tibial+Nerve
Dorlands/Elsevier n_05/12566929
The tibial nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve passes through the popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus.

In the popliteal fossa the nerve gives off branches to gastrocnemius, popliteus, soleus and plantaris, and the sural nerve. The sural nerve is joined by fibres from the common peroneal nerve and runs down the calf to supply the lateral side of the foot.

Below the soleus muscle the nerve lies close to the tibia and supplies the tibialis posterior, the flexor digitorum longus and the flexor hallucis longus. The nerve passes into the foot below the medial malleolus. Here it is bound down by the flexor retinaculum in company with the posterior tibial artery.

Branches

In the foot, the nerve divides into medial and lateral plantar branches.

Medial plantar nerve

The medial plantar nerve supplies: the abductor hallucis, the flexor digitorum brevis, the flexor hallucis brevis and the first lumbrical. Cutaneous distribution of the medial planter nerve is to the medial sole and medial three and one half toes, including the nail beds on the dorsum (like the median nerve in the hand).

Lateral plantar nerve

The lateral plantar nerve supplies quadratus plantae, flexor digiti minimi, adductor hallucis, the interossei, three lumbricals. and abductor digiti minimi. Cutaneous innervation is to the lateral sole and lateral one and one half toes (like the ulnar nerve).

Additional images


Cross-section through middle of leg.

Diagram of the segmental distribution of the cutaneous nerves of the right lower extremity. Posterior view.

Diagram of the segmental distribution of the cutaneous nerves of the sole of the foot.


External links

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Nerves of lower limbs and lower torso: the lumbosacral plexus
lumbar plexusiliohypogastric - ilioinguinal - genitofemoral (femoral branch/lumboinguinal, genital branch) - lateral cutaneous of thigh (patellar) - obturator (anterior, cutaneous, posterior, accessory) - femoral (anterior cutaneous branches, saphenous)
sacral/coccygeal plexusto quadratus femoris - to obturator internus - to the piriformis - superior gluteal - inferior gluteal - posterior cutaneous of thigh (inferior cluneal, perineal branches)
sciatic: tibial (medial sural cutaneous, sural, medial calcaneal, medial plantar, lateral plantar) - common fibular (lateral sural cutaneous, deep fibular, superficial fibular, medial dorsal cutaneous, intermediate dorsal cutaneous)
pudendal plexusperforating cutaneous - pudendal (dorsal of the penis/clitoris, inferior anal, perineal and posterior scrotal/labial) - anococcygeal
cutaneous innervation of the lower limbs
Latin}}} 
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
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The Abductor hallucis lies along the medial border of the foot and covers the origins of the plantar vessels and nerves.

It arises from the medial process of the tuberosity of the calcaneus, from the laciniate ligament, from the plantar aponeurosis, and from the
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The Flexor digitorum brevis lies in the middle of the sole of the foot, immediately above the central part of the plantar aponeurosis, with which it is firmly united.

Its deep surface is separated from the lateral plantar vessels and nerves by a thin layer of fascia.
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The Flexor hallucis brevis arises, by a pointed tendinous process, from the medial part of the under surface of the cuboid bone, from the contiguous portion of the third cuneiform, and from the prolongation of the tendon of the Tibialis posterior which is attached to that bone.
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Lumbrical can refer to:
  • Lumbrical muscle (hand)
  • Lumbrical muscle (foot)

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The Quadratus plantæ (Flexor accessorius) is separated from the muscles of the first layer by the lateral plantar vessels and nerve.

It arises by two heads, which are separated from each other by the long plantar ligament: the medial or larger head is muscular, and
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Flexor digiti minimi (or Flexor digiti quinti brevis) can refer to:
  • Flexor digiti quinti brevis muscle (hand)
  • Flexor digiti quinti brevis muscle (foot)

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The Adductor hallucis (Adductor obliquus hallucis) arises by two heads—oblique and transverse.

Oblique head

The oblique head is a large, thick, fleshy mass, crossing the foot obliquely and occupying the hollow space under the first second, third, and
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Interossei refer to muscles between the bones. Specific interossei include:
  • Upper limbs
  • Dorsal interossei muscles (hand)
  • Palmar interossei muscles

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Lumbrical can refer to:
  • Lumbrical muscle (hand)
  • Lumbrical muscle (foot)

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Abductor digiti minimi (or Abductor digiti quinti) can refer to:
  • Abductor digiti quinti muscle (hand)
  • Abductor digiti quinti muscle (foot)

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In human anatomy, the sacral plexus is a nerve plexus emerging from the sacral vertebrae (S1-S4), and which provides nerves for the pelvis and lower limbs.

Composition

The sacral plexus is formed by::
  • the lumbosacral trunk

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The sciatic nerve (also known as the ischiatic nerve) is a large nerve that starts in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb. It is the longest single nerve in the body.
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The medial plantar nerve (internal plantar nerve), the larger of the two terminal divisions of the tibial nerve, accompanies the medial plantar artery.

From its origin under the laciniate ligament it passes under cover of the Abductor hallucis, and, appearing between
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The lateral plantar nerve (external plantar nerve) is a branch of the tibial nerve, in turn a branch of the sciatic nerve and supplies the skin of the fifth toe and lateral half of the fourth, as well as most of the deep muscles, its distribution being similar to that of
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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
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The sciatic nerve (also known as the ischiatic nerve) is a large nerve that starts in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb. It is the longest single nerve in the body.
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The popliteal fossa is a space or shallow depression located at the back of the knee-joint.

The bones of the popliteal fossa are the femur and the tibia.

Boundaries

The boundaries of the fossa are:

superior and medial:
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muscle is a powerful superficial muscle that is in the back part of the lower leg (the calf). It runs from its 2 heads just above the knee to the heel, and is involved in standing and walking. Along with the soleus muscle it forms the calf muscle.
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The popliteus muscle in the leg is used to unlock the knee by laterally rotating the femur on the tibia during a closed chain movement (such as one with the foot in contact with the ground).
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In humans and some other mammals, the soleus is a powerful muscle in the back part of the lower leg (the calf). It runs from just below the knee to the heel, and is involved in standing and walking.
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Plantaris is a vestigial structure and one of the superficial muscles of the posterior crural compartment of the leg.

It is innervated by the tibial nerve (S1, S2).
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The sural nerve (short saphenous nerve), formed by the junction of the medial sural cutaneous with the peroneal anastomotic branch, passes downward near the lateral margin of the tendo calcaneus, lying close to the small saphenous vein, to the interval between the lateral
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The sural nerve (short saphenous nerve), formed by the junction of the medial sural cutaneous with the peroneal anastomotic branch, passes downward near the lateral margin of the tendo calcaneus, lying close to the small saphenous vein, to the interval between the lateral
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The common peroneal nerve (common fibular nerve; external popliteal nerve; peroneal nerve), about one-half the size of the tibial nerve, is derived from the dorsal branches of the fourth and fifth lumbar and the first and second sacral nerves.
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tibia is the larger of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates.

In humans

The tibia or shin bone, in human anatomy, is found medial (towards the middle) and anterior (towards the front) to the other such bone, the fibula.
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The Tibialis posterior is the most central of all the leg muscles.

It is the key stabilising muscle of the lower leg.

Origin and insertion

It originates on the inner posterior borders of the tibia and fibula.
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The Flexor digitorum longus is situated on the tibial side of the leg. At its origin it is thin and pointed, but it gradually increases in size as it descends.

Origin and insertion


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The Flexor hallucis longus muscle (FHL) is a muscle of the leg. It is one of the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg. the other deep muscles of the leg are flexor digitorum longus and tibialis posterior. FHL is the largest and most powerful of these deep muscles.
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