Thiocyanate

Information about Thiocyanate

The structure and bonding of the thiocyanate ion

Thiocyanate (also known as sulphocyanate or thiocyanide) is the anion, [SCN]⁻. Common compounds include the colourless salts potassium thiocyanate and sodium thiocyanate. Organic compounds containing the functional group SCN are also called thiocyanates. Mercury(II) thiocyanate was formerly used in pyrotechnics.

Thiocyanate is analogous to the cyanate ion, [OCN]⁻, wherein oxygen is replaced by sulfur. [SCN]⁻ is one of the pseudohalides, due to the similarity of its reactions to that of halide ions. Thiocyanate was formerly known as rhodanide (from a Greek word for rose) because of the red colour of its complexes with iron. Thiocyanate is produced by the reaction of elemental sulfur or thiosulfate with cyanide:

8 CN⁻ + S₈ → 8 SCN⁻

CN⁻ + S₂O₃^2- → SCN⁻ + SO₃^2-

The latter reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme sulfotransferase known as rhodanase and may be relevant to detoxification of cyanide in the body.

Linkage isomerism

Organic and transition metal derivatives of the thiocyanate ion can exist as "linkage isomers." In thiocyanates, the organic group or metal is attached to sulfur: R−S−C≡N has a S-C single bond and a C-N triple bond. In isothiocyanates, the substituent is attached to nitrogen: R−N=C=S has a S-C double bond and a C-N double bond

Phenylthiocyanate and phenylisothiocyanate are linkage isomers and are bonded differently

Test for iron(III)

The blood-red coloured complex pentaaqua(thiocyanato-N)iron(III), [Fe(NCS)(H₂O)₅]²⁺, indicates the presence of Fe³⁺ in solution

If [SCN]⁻ is added to a solution containing iron(III) ions (Fe³⁺), a blood red solution is formed due to the presence of the [Fe(NCS)(H₂O)₅]²⁺.

General reading

Guy, R. G. "Syntheses and Preparative Applications of Thiocyanates" in "Chemistry of Cyanates and Their Derivatives," vol II. Patai, S., (Editor), John Wiley, 1977. New York

Potassium thiocyanate is the chemical compound KSCN. It is an important salt of the thiocyanate anion, one of the pseudohalides. The compound has a low melting point relative to most other inorganic salts.

See also: Thiocyanate.
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Sodium thiocyanate is the chemical compound with the formula NaSCN. This colourless deliquescent salt is one of the main sources of the thiocyanate anion. As such, it is used as a precursor for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other specialty chemicals.
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organic compounds]] An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon; for historical reasons discussed below, a few types of compounds such as carbonates, carbon oxides and cyanides, as well as elemental carbon are
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In organic chemistry, functional groups (or moieties) are specific groups of atoms within molecules, that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
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Mercury(II) thiocyanate (Hg(SCN)₂) is a chemical compound. It was formerly used in pyrotechnics for the long snake-like ash that forms when a pellet of this compound, often with a small amount of a sugar such as glucose added to serve as supplemental fuel, is ignited.
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cyanate ion is an anion consisting of one oxygen atom, one carbon atom, and one nitrogen atom, [OCN]⁻, in that order, and possesses 1 unit of negative charge, borne mainly by the nitrogen atom. In organic compounds the cyanate group is a functional group.
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2, −1
(neutral oxide)
Electronegativity 3.44 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more) 1st: 1313.9 kJmol⁻¹
2nd: 3388.3 kJmol⁻¹
3rd: 5300.5 kJmol⁻¹

Atomic radius 60 pm
Atomic radius (calc.
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6
(strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity 2.58 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more) 1st: 999.6 kJmol⁻¹
2nd: 2252 kJmol⁻¹
3rd: 3357 kJmol⁻¹

Atomic radius 100 pm
Atomic radius (calc.
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Pseudohalogens are binary inorganic compounds of the general form XY, where X is a cyanide, cyanate, thiocyanate etc. group and Y is any of X, or a true halogen. Not all combinations are known to be stable. Examples include cyanogen, (CN)₂, and iodine cyanide, ICN.
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A halide is a binary compound, of which one part is a halogen atom and the other part is an element or radical that is less electronegative than the halogen, to make a fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, or astatide compound. Many salts are halides.
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Greek}}}
Writing system: Greek alphabet
Official status
Official language of: Greece
Cyprus
European Union
recognised as minority language in parts of:
European Union
Italy
Turkey
Regulated by:
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ROSE can mean:

Remote Operations Service Element, a sub-layer of protocol layer six in the OSI seven layer model. It provides SASE for remote operations.
Rush On Seven Episodes, a Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game (MMORPG) that takes place on seven planets.

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3, 4, 6
(amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity 1.83 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more) 1st: 762.5 kJmol⁻¹
2nd: 1561.9 kJmol⁻¹
3rd: 2957 kJmol⁻¹

Atomic radius 140 pm
Atomic radius (calc.
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Thiosulfate (S₂O₃²⁻) is an oxyanion of sulfur produced by the reaction of sulfite ions with elemental sulfur in boiling water. Thiosulfate occurs naturally in hot springs and geysers, and is produced by certain biochemical processes.
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cyanide ion, CN⁻.
From the top:
1. Valence-bond structure
2. Space-filling model
3. Electrostatic potential surface
4. 'Carbon lone pair' HOMO]] A cyanide
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sulfotransferase is a transferase enzyme which acts upon a sulfate.

They are classified under EC number 2.8.2.

An example is SULT2A1.

History

The first reported example of linkage isomerism had the formula [Co(NH₃)₅(NO₂
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Isothiocyanate is the chemical group ^-N=C=S, formed by substituting sulfur for oxygen in the isocyanate group. Allyl isothiocyanate is a chemical compound found in mustard oil that is responsible for its pungency.
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