Information about Terminal Emulator
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A terminal emulator, terminal application, term, or tty for short, is a program that emulates a "dumb" video terminal within some other display architecture. Though typically synonymous with a command line shell or text terminal, the term terminal covers all remote terminals, including graphical interfaces. A terminal emulator inside a graphical user interface is often called a terminal window.
A terminal window allows the user access to a text terminal and all its applications such as command line interfaces (CLI) and text user interface applications. These may be running either on the same machine or on a different one via telnet, ssh, or dial-up. On Unix-like operating systems it is common to have one or more terminal windows connected to the local machine.
Terminals usually support a set of escape sequences for controlling color, cursor position, etc. Examples include the family of terminal control sequence standards known as ECMA-48, ANSI X3.64 or ISO/IEC 6429.
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Early adopters of computer technology, such as banks, insurance companies, and governments, still make frequent use of terminal emulators. They typically have decades old applications running on mainframe computers. The old “dumb” video terminals used to access the mainframe are long since obsolete; however, applications on the mainframe are still in use. Quite often, terminal emulators are the only way a user can access applications running on these older machines.
Raw and cooked input/output
On Unix-like systems, at the level of the terminal or terminal emulator an individual keypress sends an individual code from the character set in use. Also, carriage return and line feed are distinct operations. In raw mode, text passes directly from the terminal or PTY (a device node that a program wishing to emulate a terminal binds to) to the TTY device. In cooked mode a number of changes are made as the data pass between the terminal or PTY and the TTY: The application gets complete lines of input at once neatly terminated with a line feed and can send just a linefeed when it wants a new line. Also, text typed is echoed back to the user. When a program is started, terminal is generally in cooked mode which allows easy input and output of text, but applications that want more control will often put the terminal into raw mode, or a slightly more processed rare mode. The individual characteristics of cooked mode can be turned on and off individually which may be needed for certain applications.Synchronous Terminals
The 3270-based terminals used with IBM mainframe computers are an example of synchronous terminals. They operate in an essentially "screen-at-a-time" mode. Users can make numerous changes to a page, before submitting the updated screen to the remote machine as a single action. This paradigm can be surprising to those used to the more common asynchronous terminal behaviour, though in fact it is conceptually quite similar to the submission of HTTP forms on the Web.Terminal emulators that simulate the original 3270 hardware terminal are available for most operating systems, for use both by those administering systems such as the z9, as well as those using the corresponding applications such as CICS.
Examples Of Terminal Emulators
Example programs providing the remote-access form of terminal emulation under Microsoft Windows include the built-in programs HyperTerminal and Microsoft's telnet client, as well as 3rd party programs like PuTTY, AlphaCom, Poderosa, Terminator (terminal emulator), TigerTerm, Ericom Software PowerTerm InterConnect, z/Scope Express VT, Tera Term, SwitchTermJ, SecureCRT and Access*One. For Windows CE and Windows Mobile there are products like MochaSoft, MobileVT, Access*One and NaurTech. A so-called "DOS box" or "Command prompt" is the Windows equivalent of a locally-connected terminal window (in fact, it is a Win32 console). MS-DOS examples include ProComm, Qmodem, Telemate, and Telix. A program called Crosstalk ran on both MS-DOS and CP/M.Apple Computer ships Terminal with Mac OS X as its default terminal emulator. Third-party applications such as iTerm are also available.
Many different terminal emulators are available for the X Window System, such as xterm, dtterm, Eterm, GNOME Terminal, Konsole, rxvt, mrxvt, wterm, SwitchTerm, TeemTalk and aterm.
See also
External links
- Terminal Window Definition by The Linux Information Project (LINFO)
- The Simtel MS-DOS collection of Terminal Programs
A computer terminal is an electronic or electromechanical hardware device that is used for entering data into, and displaying data from, a computer or a computing system. A computer terminal is an instance of a human-machine interface(HMI).
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In computing, a shell is a piece of software that provides an interface for users. Typically, the term refers to an operating system shell which provides access to the services of a kernel.
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A computer terminal is an electronic or electromechanical hardware device that is used for entering data into, and displaying data from, a computer or a computing system. A computer terminal is an instance of a human-machine interface(HMI).
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graphical user interface (GUI) is a type of user interface which allows people to interact with a computer and computer-controlled devices which employ graphical icons, visual indicators or special graphical elements called "widgets", along with text, labels or text
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A computer terminal is an electronic or electromechanical hardware device that is used for entering data into, and displaying data from, a computer or a computing system. A computer terminal is an instance of a human-machine interface(HMI).
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command line interface or CLI is a method of interacting with an operating system or software using a command line interpreter. This command line interpreter may be a text terminal, terminal emulator, or remote shell client such as PuTTY.
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TUI short for: Text User Interface or Textual User Interface (and sometimes Terminal User Interface), is a retronym that was coined sometime after the invention of graphical user interfaces, to distinguish them from text based user interfaces.
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For the packet switched network, see .
TELNET (TELecommunication NETwork) is a network protocol used on the Internet or local area network (LAN) connections.
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Secure Shell or SSH is a network protocol that allows data to be exchanged over a secure channel between two computers. Encryption provides confidentiality and integrity of data.
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hot Dial-up access is a form of Internet access via telephone line. The client uses a modem connected to a computer and a telephone line to dial into an Internet service provider's (ISP) node to establish a modem-to-modem link, which is then routed to the Internet.
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Unix-like operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification.
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- This article refers to codes used as commands for computing devices. Escape sequence can also refer to a sequence of escape characters used in parsing source code.
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cursor is an indicator used to show the position on a computer monitor or other display device that will respond to input.
In most command line interfaces, the cursor is an underscore, a solid rectangle, or a vertical line, which may be flashing or steady, indicating where
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In most command line interfaces, the cursor is an underscore, a solid rectangle, or a vertical line, which may be flashing or steady, indicating where
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ANSI escape codes are used to control text formatting and other output options on text terminals. In this context, ANSI refers to the ANSI X3.64 standard (which was withdrawn in 1997). It was replaced by ISO/IEC 6429, and is equivalent to ECMA-48.
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ANSI escape codes are used to control text formatting and other output options on text terminals. In this context, ANSI refers to the ANSI X3.64 standard (which was withdrawn in 1997). It was replaced by ISO/IEC 6429, and is equivalent to ECMA-48.
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computer is a machine which manipulates data according to a list of instructions.
Computers take numerous physical forms. The first devices that resemble modern computers date to the mid-20th century (around 1940 - 1941), although the computer concept and various machines
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Computers take numerous physical forms. The first devices that resemble modern computers date to the mid-20th century (around 1940 - 1941), although the computer concept and various machines
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Mainframes (often colloquially referred to as Big Iron) are computers used mainly by large organizations for critical applications, typically bulk data processing such as census, industry and consumer statistics, ERP, and financial transaction processing.
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Originally, carriage return was the term for the control character in Baudot code on a teletypewriter for end of line return to beginning of line and did not include line feed.
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newline (also known as a line break or end-of-line / EOL character) is a special character or sequence of characters signifying the end of a line of text.
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In Unix, a pseudo terminal is a pseudo-device pair that provides a text terminal interface without associated virtual console, computer terminal or serial port hardware. Instead, a process replaces the role of the underlying hardware for the pseudo terminal session.
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A device node, device file, or device special file, a type of special file, features on many Unix-like operating systems. Device nodes facilitate transparent communication between user-space applications and computer hardware.
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Cooked mode is a mode of a Unix Terminal in which data is preprocessed before being given to a program. In this mode the system interprets special characters such as backspace, delete and other control characters such as Control-C and Control-D.
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newline (also known as a line break or end-of-line / EOL character) is a special character or sequence of characters signifying the end of a line of text.
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Cooked mode is a mode of a Unix Terminal in which data is preprocessed before being given to a program. In this mode the system interprets special characters such as backspace, delete and other control characters such as Control-C and Control-D.
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Rare mode, or formally, cbreak mode is a line discipline in Unix, between raw mode and cooked mode. Unlike cooked mode it works with single characters at a time, rather than forcing a wait for a whole line and then feeding the line in all at once.
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IBM 3270 is a class of terminals made by IBM since 1972 (known as "Display Devices") normally used to communicate with IBM mainframes. As such, it was the successor to the IBM 2260 display terminal.
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International Business Machines Corporation
Public (NYSE: IBM )
Founded 1889, incorporated 1911
Headquarters Armonk, New York, USA
Key people Samuel J.
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Public (NYSE: IBM )
Founded 1889, incorporated 1911
Headquarters Armonk, New York, USA
Key people Samuel J.
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Mainframes (often colloquially referred to as Big Iron) are computers used mainly by large organizations for critical applications, typically bulk data processing such as census, industry and consumer statistics, ERP, and financial transaction processing.
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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a communications protocol used to transfer or convey information on the World Wide Web. Its original purpose was to provide a way to publish and retrieve HTML hypertext pages.
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A webform on a web page allows a user to enter data that is, typically, sent to a server for processing and to mimic the usage of paper forms. Forms can be used to submit data to save on a server (e.g., ordering a product) or can be used to retrieve data (e.g.
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