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Information about Terminal Degree

A terminal degree is the generally accepted highest academic degree in a field of study. An earned[1] academic (or research) doctorate such as a Ph.D. is considered the terminal degree in most academic fields of study. However, other professions may consider specific professional degrees as the terminal degree, such as architecture. As well, some fields' terminal degrees are not doctorates; the terminal degree in applied arts such as creative writing, graphic design, and video art is usually the M.F.A. (Master of Fine Arts), not a Ph.D., and the terminal degree for an academic librarian is a M.L.S. (Master's degree in Library Science).[2] [3]


Research Doctorate Degrees

Main article: Doctor of Philosophy
In most academic fields, especially those in which a person is engaged in the work of academic research, the terminal degree is a research doctorate which is usually the Ph.D degree. The first phase consists of coursework in the student's field of study and requires one to three years to complete. This often is followed by a preliminary or comprehensive examination and/or a series of cumulative examinations where the emphasis is on breadth rather than depth of knowledge. Finally, another two to four years is usually required for the composition of a substantial and original contribution to human knowledge embodied in a written dissertation that in the social sciences and humanities is typically 250 to 450 pages in length. Dissertations generally consist of (i) a comprehensive literature review, (ii) an outline of methodology, and (iii) several chapters of scientific, social, historical, philosophical, or literary analysis. Typically, upon completion, the candidate undergoes an oral examination, sometimes public, by his or her supervisory committee with expertise in the given discipline.

Typical Terminal Academic Research Degrees

Professional Degrees

Main article: First Professional degree
In some fields, especially those linked to a profession (e.g. medicine, dentistry, law, optometry, architecture, pharmacy, social work, religious ministry, engineering, accounting, education, etc.), a distinction is to be drawn between a first professional degree, an advanced professional degree, and a terminal academic degree. A first professional degree is generally required by law or custom to practice the profession without limitation. An advanced professional degree provides further training in a specialized area of the profession. A first professional degree is an academic degree designed to prepare the holder for a particular career or profession, fields where scholarly research and academic activity are not the work, but rather the practice of a profession. In many cases, the first professional degree is also the terminal degree because usually no further advanced degree is required for practice in that field even though more advanced professional degrees may exist.

Typical Advanced Professional Degrees

References

1. ^ "Earned" in the sense that the degree is obtained through the completion of a program of study, as opposed to by receiving an honorary doctorate
2. ^ DePauw University Academic Handbook, Appendix 3: Terminal Degrees which lists some non-doctoral terminal degrees
3. ^ American Library Association indicates that "The master's degree in library science from a library school program accredited by the American Library Association is the appropriate terminal professional degree for academic librarians, in social work the M.S.W. (masters of social work)."
A degree is any of a wide range of status levels conferred by institutions of higher education, such as universities, normally as the result of successfully completing a program of study.
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doctorate is an academic degree of, in many countries, the highest level, second only to the habilitation in those (primarily Central and Eastern European) countries that grant the latter. The term doctorate comes from the Latin doctor, meaning "teacher.
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worldwide view of the subject.
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"Ph.D." redirects here, for other uses see Ph.D. (disambiguation).


Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated Ph.D.
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worldwide view of the subject.
Please [ improve this article] or discuss the issue on the talk page.
"Ph.D." redirects here, for other uses see Ph.D. (disambiguation).


Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated Ph.D.
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Research is a human activity based on intellectual investigation and aimed at discovering, interpreting, and revising human knowledge on different aspects of the world. Research can use the scientific method, but need not do so.
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The Doctor of Arts (D.A., or occasionally D.Arts. or Art.D.) is a discipline-based terminal doctoral degree that was originally conceived and designed to be an alternative to the traditional research-based Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and the education-based Doctor of Education (Ed.
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The Doctor of Education degree (Ed.D. or D.Ed.) is a professional doctorate that prepares the student for academic, administrative or specialized positions in education. Like other doctorates, (e.g., the Ph.D., D.A., and so on), the Ed.D./D.Ed. is a terminal degree.
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The Doctor of Engineering (DEng or EngD) is an academic degree awarded on the basis of advanced study and research in engineering.

It is awarded by many American universities, and is equivalent to a PhD degree in engineering/sciences.
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Doctor of Laws (Latin: Legum Doctor, LL.D.) is a doctorate-level academic degree in law. Plural abbreviations in Latin are formed by doubling the letter, hence the double "L".
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Doctor of Laws (Latin: Legum Doctor, LL.D.) is a doctorate-level academic degree in law. Plural abbreviations in Latin are formed by doubling the letter, hence the double "L".
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Doctor of Management (D. M.) is an academic degree awarded on the basis of advanced study and research in management.

It is awarded by many American universities, and is equivalent to a PhD degree in management and business-related sciences.
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The Doctor of Music degree (D.Mus., Mus.D. or Mus.Doc.), like other doctorates, is an academic degree of the highest level. The D.Mus. is intended for musicians and composers who wish to combine the highest attainments in their area of specialization with
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The Doctor of Musical Arts degree (D.M.A., D.Mus.A. or A.Mus.D. ) is a doctoral academic degree in music. The D.M.A. combines advanced studies in an applied area of specialization (usually music performance, composition, or conducting) with graduate-level academic study in subjects
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worldwide view of the subject.
Please [ improve this article] or discuss the issue on the talk page.
"Ph.D." redirects here, for other uses see Ph.D. (disambiguation).


Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated Ph.D.
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The Doctor of Professional Studies (DProf or D.P.S.) is a work-based professional doctorate pioneered by Pace University.

Development

The first professional executive doctoral program in the United States was established in 1972 by Pace University in the
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D.Sc., Sc.D., S.D., or Dr.Sc. are common abbreviations for the Latin Scientiae Doctor, meaning Doctor of Science.

North America

In the United States, the Doctor of Science is a doctoral degree equivalent to the Ph.D.. The first North American Sc.D.
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Doctor of Medicine (M.D. or MD, from the Latin Medicinae Doctor meaning "Teacher of Medicine,") is an academic degree for medical doctors. It varies between countries, from being a first professional degree (medical diploma), to being a relatively rare
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Motto
"Dieu et mon droit" [2]   (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
"God Save the Queen" [3]
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Ireland
Éire
Airlann <nowiki />

Northwest of continental Europe with Great Britain to the east.

Geography <nowiki/>
Location Western Europe <nowiki />
Archipelago
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Doctor of Theology (in Latin Theologiae Doctor, abbreviated Th. D.) is a terminal academic degree in theology. It is a research degree, involving the publication of an original contribution to scholarship in the form of a dissertation, that is for most purposes the
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first professional degree is an academic degree designed to prepare the holder for a particular career or profession, fields where scholarly research and academic activity are not the work, but rather a profession such as law, medicine, dentistry, optometry, pharmacy, social work,
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Doctor of Divinity (D.D., Divinitatis Doctor in Latin) is an advanced academic degree in divinity. Historically, it identified one who had been licensed by a university to teach Christian theology or related religious subjects.

In the United Kingdom, D.D.
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The Doctor of Education degree (Ed.D. or D.Ed.) is a professional doctorate that prepares the student for academic, administrative or specialized positions in education. Like other doctorates, (e.g., the Ph.D., D.A., and so on), the Ed.D./D.Ed. is a terminal degree.
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Doctor of Medicine (M.D. or MD, from the Latin Medicinae Doctor meaning "Teacher of Medicine,") is an academic degree for medical doctors. It varies between countries, from being a first professional degree (medical diploma), to being a relatively rare
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Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O. or DO) is an academic degree offered in the United States. It is a graduate-level first professional degree for physicians and surgeons, usually requiring four years to complete. Holders of the D.O.
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Optometry (Greek: optos meaning seen or visible and metria meaning measurement) is a health care profession concerned with eyes and related structures, vision, visual system and vision information processing in humans.
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2003. Pharm.D in Pakistan is a professional bachelor degree consisting of 5 years i.e. 10 semesters.Now a days most of the universities in Pakistan are offering Pharm.D programme.
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A Master of Engineering (Magister in Ingeniaria), often abbreviated M.Eng (or MEng), can be either an academic or professional master's degree in the field of engineering.

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, the M.
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Doctor of Laws (Latin: Legum Doctor, LL.D.) is a doctorate-level academic degree in law. Plural abbreviations in Latin are formed by doubling the letter, hence the double "L".
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