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Information about Tench

For the submarine class, see Tench class submarine.


Tench

Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Actinopterygii
Order:Cypriniformes
Family:Cyprinidae
Genus:Tinca
Cuvier, 1816
Species:T. tinca
Binomial name
Tinca tinca
(Linnaeus, 1758)
The tench or doctor fish (Tinca tinca) is a freshwater and brackish water fish of the cyprinid family found throughout Eurasia from Western Europe including the British Isles east into Asia as far as the Ob and Yenisei Rivers. It is also found in Lake Baikal.[1] It normally inhabits slow-moving freshwater habitats, particularly lakes and lowland rivers.[2]

Ecology

The tench is most often found in still waters with a clayey or muddy substrate and abundant vegetation.[3] This species is rare in clear waters across stony ground, and is absent altogether from fast-flowing streams. It tolerates water with a low oxygen concentration,[1] even being found in waters where the carp cannot survive.[3]

Tench feed mostly at night on algae and benthic invertbrates of various kinds that they root up from the bottom.[3]

Breeding takes place in shallow water usually among aquatic plants where the sticky green eggs can be deposited.[1] Spawning usually occurs in summer,[2] and as many as three hundred thousand eggs may be produced.[9] Growth is rapid, and fish may reach a weight of 0.11 kg (0.25 lb) within the first year.

Morphology

Tench have a stocky, carp-like shape, olive-green skin, darker above and almost golden below. The caudal fin is square in shape. The other fins are distinctly rounded in shape.[3] The mouth is rather narrow and provided at each corner with a very small barbel. Maximum size is 70 cm, though most specimens are very much smaller.[11] The eyes are small and red-orange in colour.[1] Sexual dimorphism is weak, limited to the adult females having a more convex ventral profile when compared with males.[11] Males may also possess a very thick and flattened outer ray to the ventral fins.

The tench has very small scales, which are deeply imbedded in a thick skin, making it as slippery as an eel. Folklore has it that this slime cured any sick fish that rubbed against it, and from this belief arose the name doctor fish.[9]

Golden tench

An artificially-bred variety of tench called the golden tench or schlei is a popular ornamental fish for ponds. This form varies in colour from pale gold through to red, and some fish have have black or red spots on the flanks and fins. Though somewhat similar to the goldfish, because these fish have such small scales, the golden quality is rather different.[9] This variety is said to have been originally bred in Silesia.

Economic significance

Tench are edible and considered to have a fine flavour, working well in recipes that would otherwise call for carp.[3] They are an important target for coarse anglers and are also used as fodder for predatory species such as bass.[1] Tench, particularly golden tench, are also kept as ornamental fish in ponds and less frequently aquaria.[18]

Angling

Large tench may be found in gravel pits or deep, slow-moving waters with a clayey or silty bottom and lots of aquatic vegetation. They take a variety of baits but are "nibblers" and are difficult to hook. Fish over 1 kg (2 lb) in weight are very strong fighters when caught on a rod.[9]

References

1. ^ "Tinca tinca". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 5 2007 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2007.
2. ^ B. Whitton (1982). Rivers, Lakes and Marshes p 163. Hodder & Staughton, London.
3. ^ A. F. Magri MacMahon (1946). Fishlore, pp 156-158. Pelican Books.
4. ^ "Tinca tinca". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 5 2007 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2007.
5. ^ A. F. Magri MacMahon (1946). Fishlore, pp 156-158. Pelican Books.
6. ^ A. F. Magri MacMahon (1946). Fishlore, pp 156-158. Pelican Books.
7. ^ "Tinca tinca". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 5 2007 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2007.
8. ^ B. Whitton (1982). Rivers, Lakes and Marshes p 163. Hodder & Staughton, London.
9. ^ A. Lawrence Wells (date unknown). Observer Book of Freshwater Fishes, pp 101-105. Frederick Warne & Co.
10. ^ A. F. Magri MacMahon (1946). Fishlore, pp 156-158. Pelican Books.
11. ^ G. Sterba (1962). Freshwater Fishes of the World pp 249-250. Vista Books, London.
12. ^ "Tinca tinca". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 5 2007 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2007.
13. ^ G. Sterba (1962). Freshwater Fishes of the World pp 249-250. Vista Books, London.
14. ^ A. Lawrence Wells (date unknown). Observer Book of Freshwater Fishes, pp 101-105. Frederick Warne & Co.
15. ^ A. Lawrence Wells (date unknown). Observer Book of Freshwater Fishes, pp 101-105. Frederick Warne & Co.
16. ^ A. F. Magri MacMahon (1946). Fishlore, pp 156-158. Pelican Books.
17. ^ "Tinca tinca". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 5 2007 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2007.
18. ^ Dick Mills (2000). Understanding Coldwater Fish, p 106. Interpet Publishing. ISBN 1-9030-9810-6
19. ^ A. Lawrence Wells (date unknown). Observer Book of Freshwater Fishes, pp 101-103. Frederick Warne & Co.
Tench class submarines were an evolutionary improvement over the Gato and Balao classes, only about 35 to 40 tons larger, but more strongly built and with a slightly improved internal layout.
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Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. Scientific classification also can be called scientific taxonomy, but should be distinguished from folk taxonomy, which lacks scientific basis.
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Chordata
Bateson, 1885

Typical Classes

See below

Chordates (phylum Chordata) are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates.
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Actinopterygii
Klein, 1885

Subclasses

Chondrostei
Neopterygii
See text for orders.
The Actinopterygii (the plural form of Actinopterygius) comprise the class of the ray-finned fishes.
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Cypriniformes

Families
  • Balitoridae (Hillstream loaches)
  • Catostomidae (Suckers)
  • Cobitidae (Loaches)
  • Cyprinidae (Carps and minnows)
  • Gyrinocheilidae (Sucking loaches)
  • Psilorhynchidae


The Cypriniformes
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Cyprinidae

Genera

(many, see text)

The family Cyprinidae, named after the Greek word Kypris, another name for Aphrodite, consists of the carps and some of the fish known as minnows.
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Baron Georges Léopold Chrétien Frédéric Dagobert Cuvier (August 23 1769–May 13, 1832) was a French naturalist and zoologist. He was the elder brother of Frédéric Cuvier (1773–1838), also a naturalist.
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binomial nomenclature is the formal system of naming species. The system is also called binominal nomenclature (particularly in zoological circles), binary nomenclature (particularly in botanical circles), or the binomial classification system.
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Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné)

Carl von Linné, Alexander Roslin, 1775. Currently owned by and hanging at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
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Fresh Water is the debut album by Australian rock and blues singer Alison McCallum, released in 1972. Rare for an Australian artist at the time, it came in a gatefold sleeve.
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Brackish water (less commonly brack water) is water that is saltier than fresh water, but not as salty as seawater. It may result from mixing of seawater with fresh water, as in estuaries, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifers.
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Cyprinidae

Genera

(many, see text)

The family Cyprinidae, named after the Greek word Kypris, another name for Aphrodite, consists of the carps and some of the fish known as minnows.
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Eurasia is an immense landmass covering about 53,990,000 km² (or about 10.6%) of the Earth's surface. Often reckoned as a single continent, Eurasia comprises the traditional continents of Europe and Asia, concepts which date back to classical antiquity and the borders for which are
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Western Europe is mainly a socio-political concept forged during the Cold War, which largely defined its borders. Its boundaries were effectively forged during the final stages of World War II and came to encompass all European countries which did not come under Soviet control and
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British Isles<nowiki />

The British Isles in relation to mainland Europe

Geography <nowiki/>
Location Western Europe <nowiki /> <nowiki />
Total islands 6,000+<nowiki />

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Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area (or 29.4% of its land area) and, with almost 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population.
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Ob River (Russian: Обь), also Obi, is a major river in West Siberia, Russia, the country's fourth longest.

It is known to the Khanty people as the As, Yag, Kolta and Yema
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Origin Tuva (Russia), Darkhad Valley (Mongolia)
Mouth Arctic Ocean
Basin countries Russia, Mongolia
Length 5,539 km (3,445 mi)

Avg.
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Coordinates Coordinates:
Lake type Continental rift lake
Primary sources
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Clay is a naturally occurring material, composed primarily of fine-grained minerals, which show plasticity through a variable range of water content, and which can be hardened when dried or fired.
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Mud is a liquid or semi-liquid mixture of water and some combination of soil, silt, and clay. Ancient mud deposits harden over geological time to form siltstone or solid, mudrock lutites.
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Substrate may mean:
  • Substrate (aquarium), the material used in the bottom of an aquarium
  • Substrate (biochemistry), a molecule which is acted upon by an enzyme
  • Substrate (materials science), the material on which a process is conducted

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2, −1
(neutral oxide)
Electronegativity 3.44 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more) 1st: 1313.9 kJmol−1
2nd: 3388.3 kJmol−1
3rd: 5300.5 kJmol−1

Atomic radius 60 pm
Atomic radius (calc.
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CARP can mean:
  • the Cache Array Routing Protocol, a World Wide Web caching protocol
  • Canadian Association of Retired Persons, Canada
  • Club Atlético River Plate, a football club in Argentina
  • the Collegiate Association for the Research of Principles

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kilogram or kilogramme (symbol: kg) is the SI base unit of mass. The kilogram is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK), which is almost exactly equal to the mass of one liter of water.
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pound or pound-mass (abbreviations: lb, ℔, lbm, or sometimes in the United States: #) is a unit of mass (sometimes called 'weight' in everyday parlance) in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United
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Anguilliformes

Suborders
See text for suborders and families.
True eels (Anguilliformes) are an order of fish, which consists of 4 suborders, 19 families, 110 genera and 400 species. Most eels are predators.
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Folklore is the body of expressive culture, including tales, music, dance, legends, oral history, proverbs, jokes, popular beliefs, customs, and so forth within a particular population comprising the traditions (including oral traditions) of that culture, subculture, or group.
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