Information about Technical Drawing
Technical drawing, also known as drafting, is the practice of creating accurate representations of objects for technical, architectural and engineering needs. A practitioner of the craft is known as a draftsman, draftsperson (or draughtsman, draughtsperson in the UK), and recently, "drafter".
Today the mechanics of the drafting task have been greatly accelerated through the use of CADD systems, but regardless of whether a draft is drawn by hand or with computer assistance, the drawing must be reproducible.
The basic mechanics of drafting is to place a piece of paper (or other material) on a smooth surface with right-angle corners and straight sides - typically a drafting table. A sliding straightedge known as a t-square is then placed on one of the sides, allowing it to be slid across the side of the table, and over the surface of the paper.
Parallel lines can be drawn simply by moving the t-square and running a pencil or technical pen along the t-square's edge, but more typically the t-square is used as a tool to hold other devices such as set squares or triangles. In this case the draftsman places one or more triangles of known angles on the t-square - which is itself at right angles to the edge of the table - and can then draw lines at any chosen angle to others on the page. Modern drafting tables come equipped with a parallel rule that is supported on both sides of the table to slide over a large piece of paper. Because it is secured on both sides, lines drawn along the edge are guaranteed to be parallel.
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In addition, the draftsperson uses several tools to draw curves and circles. Primary among these are the compasses, used for drawing simple arcs and circles, and the French curve, typically a piece of plastic with complex curves on it. A spline is a rubber coated articulated metal that can be manually bent to most curves.
Drafting templates assist the draftsperson consistently recreate recurring objects in a drawing without having to reproduce the object from scratch every time. This is especially useful when using common symbols; i.e. in the context of stagecraft, a lighting designer will typically draw from the USITT standard library of lighting fixture symbols to indicate the position of a common fixture across multiple positions. Templates are sold commercially by a number of vendors, usually customized to a specific task, but it is also not uncommon for a draftsperson to create their own templates.
This basic drafting system requires an accurate table and constant attention to the positioning of the tools. A common error is to allow the triangles to push the top of the t-square down slightly, thereby throwing off all angles. Even tasks as simple as drawing two angled lines meeting at a point require a number of moves of the t-square and triangles, and in general drafting can be a time consuming process.
A solution to these problems was the introduction of the mechanical "drafting machine", an application of the pantograph (sometimes referred to incorrectly as a "pentagraph" in these situations) which allowed the draftsman to have an accurate right angle at any point on the page quite quickly. These machines often included the ability to change the angle, thereby removing the need for the triangles as well.
In addition to the mastery of the mechanics of drawing lines, arcs and circles (and text) onto a piece of paper - with respect to the detailing of physical objects - the drafting effort requires a thorough understanding of geometry, trigonometry and spatial comprehension, and in all cases demands precision and accuracy, and attention to detail of high order.
Although drafting is sometimes accomplished by a project engineer, architect - or even by shop personnel such as a machinist - skilled drafters (and/or designers) usually accomplish the task and are always in demand to some level.
Plans are a set of two-dimensional diagrams or drawings used to describe a place or object, or to communicate building or fabrication instructions.
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A straightedge is a tool similar to a ruler, but without markings.
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Manual drafting
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A drafting table
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Another example of a drafting table with board cover and parallel rule
The basic mechanics of drafting is to place a piece of paper (or other material) on a smooth surface with right-angle corners and straight sides - typically a drafting table. A sliding straightedge known as a t-square is then placed on one of the sides, allowing it to be slid across the side of the table, and over the surface of the paper.
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Technical pens and pencils
Parallel lines can be drawn simply by moving the t-square and running a pencil or technical pen along the t-square's edge, but more typically the t-square is used as a tool to hold other devices such as set squares or triangles. In this case the draftsman places one or more triangles of known angles on the t-square - which is itself at right angles to the edge of the table - and can then draw lines at any chosen angle to others on the page. Modern drafting tables come equipped with a parallel rule that is supported on both sides of the table to slide over a large piece of paper. Because it is secured on both sides, lines drawn along the edge are guaranteed to be parallel.
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A bow compass
In addition, the draftsperson uses several tools to draw curves and circles. Primary among these are the compasses, used for drawing simple arcs and circles, and the French curve, typically a piece of plastic with complex curves on it. A spline is a rubber coated articulated metal that can be manually bent to most curves.
Drafting templates assist the draftsperson consistently recreate recurring objects in a drawing without having to reproduce the object from scratch every time. This is especially useful when using common symbols; i.e. in the context of stagecraft, a lighting designer will typically draw from the USITT standard library of lighting fixture symbols to indicate the position of a common fixture across multiple positions. Templates are sold commercially by a number of vendors, usually customized to a specific task, but it is also not uncommon for a draftsperson to create their own templates.
This basic drafting system requires an accurate table and constant attention to the positioning of the tools. A common error is to allow the triangles to push the top of the t-square down slightly, thereby throwing off all angles. Even tasks as simple as drawing two angled lines meeting at a point require a number of moves of the t-square and triangles, and in general drafting can be a time consuming process.
A solution to these problems was the introduction of the mechanical "drafting machine", an application of the pantograph (sometimes referred to incorrectly as a "pentagraph" in these situations) which allowed the draftsman to have an accurate right angle at any point on the page quite quickly. These machines often included the ability to change the angle, thereby removing the need for the triangles as well.
In addition to the mastery of the mechanics of drawing lines, arcs and circles (and text) onto a piece of paper - with respect to the detailing of physical objects - the drafting effort requires a thorough understanding of geometry, trigonometry and spatial comprehension, and in all cases demands precision and accuracy, and attention to detail of high order.
Although drafting is sometimes accomplished by a project engineer, architect - or even by shop personnel such as a machinist - skilled drafters (and/or designers) usually accomplish the task and are always in demand to some level.
CAD
Projections
Common views of objects include:
References
Links
- Trazoide. Dibujo técnico con ejercicios y teorÃa practica in spanish.
- Exercises of technical drawing, for better comprension about multiple draws for an unique object
- Examples of cubes drawn in different projections
For artistic drawing, see .
Plans are a set of two-dimensional diagrams or drawings used to describe a place or object, or to communicate building or fabrication instructions.
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Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. A wider definition often includes the design of the total built environment: from the macrolevel of town planning, urban design, and landscape architecture to the microlevel of construction details and,
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Engineering is the applied science of acquiring and applying knowledge to design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes. The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development, also known as ECPD,[1] (later ABET [2]
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Computer-aided design (CAD) is use of a wide range of computerbased tools that assist engineers, architects and other design professions in their design activities. It is the main geometry authoring tool within the Product Lifecycle Management process and involves both
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A drawing board (also drawing table, drafting table or architect's table) is, in its antique form, a kind of multipurpose desk which can be used for any kind of drawing, writing or impromptu sketching on a large sheet of paper or for reading a large
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- For the subculture, see Straight edge.
A straightedge is a tool similar to a ruler, but without markings.
Compass-and-straightedge construction
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T-square is a technical drawing instrument primarily a guide for drawing horizontal lines on a drafting table. It is also used to guide the triangle that draws vertical lines.
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A technical pen is a specialized instrument used by an engineer or draftsperson (British: draughtsperson) to make lines of constant width for architectural, engineering or technical drawings.
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set square or triangle (American English) is an object used in technical drawing, with the aim of providing a straightedge at a particular planar angle to a baseline.
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compass (so called by people in the USA, Canada, Australia, India, some people in the UK) or pair of compasses (so called by some people in the UK) is a technical drawing instrument that can be used for inscribing circles or arcs.
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A French curve is a template made out of plastic, metal or wood composed of many different curves. It is used in manual drafting to get a smooth curve of varying radii.
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Spline is used to denote either of two quite different design elements.
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Flat spline or lath
A spline consists of a long strip fixed in position at a number of points that relaxes to form a smooth curve passing through those points...... Click the link for more information.
Stagecraft is a generic term referring to the technical aspects of theatrical, film, and video production. It includes, but is not limited to, constructing and rigging scenery, hanging and focusing of lighting, design and procurement of costumes, makeup, and recording and mixing of
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- This page is about the duplication instrument.
- For devices on trains, see: Pantograph (rail).
- For the knife, see: Pantographic knife.
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machinist is a person who uses machine tools to make or modify parts, primarily metal parts. This is accomplished by using machine tools to cut away excess material such as a woodcarver cuts away excess wood to produce his work.
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Computer-aided design (CAD) is use of a wide range of computerbased tools that assist engineers, architects and other design professions in their design activities. It is the main geometry authoring tool within the Product Lifecycle Management process and involves both
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CAD may refer to:
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- Computer-aided diagnosis (medical), an inter-discipline combining computer science and radiography to support the diagnostic process
- Computer Assisted Detection (medical)
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Views
Graphical projections
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Graphical projections
- Perspective projection
- Parallel projection
- Orthographic projection
- Plan, or floor plan view
- Section
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Views
Graphical projections
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Graphical projections
- Perspective projection
- Parallel projection
- Orthographic projection
- Plan, or floor plan view
- Section
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Views
Graphical projections
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Graphical projections
- Perspective projection
- Parallel projection
- Orthographic projection
- Plan, or floor plan view
- Section
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Axonometric projection ("to measure along axes") [1] is a technique used in orthographic pictorials.
Within orthographic projection, axonometric projection shows an image of an object as viewed from a skew direction in order to reveal more than one side in the
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Within orthographic projection, axonometric projection shows an image of an object as viewed from a skew direction in order to reveal more than one side in the
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Isometric projection is a form of graphical projection — more specifically, an axonometric projection. It is a method of visually representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions, in which the three coordinate axes appear equally foreshortened and the angles between
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Dimetric projection is a form of axonometric projection, in which its direction of viewing is such that two of the three axes of space appear equally foreshortened, of which the attendant scale and angles of presentation are determined according to the angle of viewing; the scale
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Views
Graphical projections
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Graphical projections
- Perspective projection
- Parallel projection
- Orthographic projection
- Plan, or floor plan view
- Section
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projection is a linear transformation P from a vector space to itself such that P2 = P. Projections map the whole vector space to a subspace and leave the points in that subspace unchanged.
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Oblique projection is a simple type of graphical projection used for producing pictorial, two-dimensional images of three-dimensional objects.
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What it is
Oblique projection is a type of parallel projection...... Click the link for more information.
Views
Graphical projections
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Graphical projections
- Perspective projection
- Parallel projection
- Orthographic projection
- Plan, or floor plan view
- Section
..... Click the link for more information.
Views
Graphical projections
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Graphical projections
- Perspective projection
- Parallel projection
- Orthographic projection
- Plan, or floor plan view
- Section
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An engineering drawing is a type of drawing that is technical in nature, used to fully and clearly define requirements for engineered items, and is usually created in accordance with standardized conventions for layout, nomenclature, interpretation, appearance (such as typefaces
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An auxiliary view is an angle at which one can view an object that is not one of the primary views for an Orthographic projection[1]. An auxiliary view is a view at an angle used to give deeper insight into the actual shape of the object.
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