Swarming

Information about Swarming

SWARM Remote Weapons System

Type	Remote Weapon System
Place of origin	UK
Service history
Used by	US Marine Corps, British Army, Royal Netherlands Army
Wars	Iraq War, Afghanistan
Production history
Designer	Thales Group
Manufacturer	Thales Group
Variants	SWARM Lite
Specifications
Weight	125 kg (excluding weapon and ammunition)^[1]
Height	650 mm/450 mm option

Shell	5.56 mm, 7.62 mm, 12.7 mm
Traverse	360
Feed system	200-600 Ready Rounds

The SWARM Remote Weapon System (Stabilised Weapon And Reconnaissance Mount) is a fully armored remote weapon system designed and built by the Thales Group in Glasgow, Scotland. The SWARM system consists of two main assemblies: the Gun Processing and Interface Unit (GPIU), which is operated inside the vehicle, and the external Weapon and Sensor Platform (WASP). It can fire a variety of weapons, and utilize multiple sensors. On the US Marine Corps' Gladiator Tactical Unmanned Ground Vehicle (TUGV), equipped with a 7.62 mm M240 and day/night sensors.

Currently used in conjunction with:

US Marine Corps Gladiator Tactical Unmanned Ground Vehicle (TUGV)
British Army FV432 Trojan Engineering Tank^[2]
Royal Netherlands Army Bushmaster IMV^[3]
FNSS PARS Armored Vehicle^[4]

Specifications

System Accuracy: Less than 1.5 mils (1.5 mrad) (10 round burst)
Minimum Tracking Speed: 0.01 degrees per second.

Sources

1. ^ [1]
2. ^ [2]
3. ^ [3]
4. ^ [4]

For , see .

“Schooling” redirects here. For the concept related to teaching, see education.

School of colorful reef fish, including Pennantfish, Pyramid and Milletseed butterflyfish, at Rapture Reef, French Frigate Shoals.

The term swarm (schooling, swarming or flocking) is applied to fish, insects, birds and microorganisms, such as bacteria, and describes a behavior of an aggregation (school) of animals of similar size and body orientation, generally cruising in the same direction.

Swarming of honey bees is a more specific term, referring to the reproductive action of an entire colony of bees (as opposed to the reproduction of single bees); see Queen bee and Honey bee life cycle.

Fish

Underwater video (looping) of a school of Atlantic herring Clupea harengus on its migration to their spawning grounds in the Baltic Sea. With such high speed they can migrate over thousands of kilometers. Some scientists are of the opinion that cruising in a close group has advantages in the energy consumption, one fish utilizing the pressure field created by the next fish. In the North Atlantic herring cruise between Norway and Greenland every year.

Shoal can describe any group of fish, including mixed-species groups, reserving "school" for more closely knit groups of the same species swimming in a highly synchronized and polarized manner.

Fish derive many benefits from shoaling behaviour including defense against predators (by enhanced predator detection and diluting the chance of capture), enhanced foraging success, and higher success of finding a mate. It is also likely that fish benefit from shoal membership through increased hydrodynamic efficiency.

Juvenile herring hunt for the very alert and evasive copepods in schools: The copepods can sense with their antennae the pressure-wave of the approaching herring and react with a fast escape jump. The length of the jump is quite consistent. The fish arrange in a grid of this characteristic jumplength. The copepods can dart about 80 times before they tire out. It takes 60 milliseconds to spread out the antennae again, and this timeslot is utilized by the herring to finally snap a copepod. A single juvenile herring would never be able to catch a large copepod ("Synchropredation" - results from in situ videos taken from the ATOLL laboratory).

One feature of a shoal is the strong resemblance between member fish. Fish use many traits to choose shoal mates including size of shoal, species type, body size, health of shoal members, and kinship.

Fish often choose to be in a shoal that consists of individuals similar in appearance to themselves; the "oddity effect" posits that any shoal member that stands out in appearance will be preferentially targeted by predators. The oddity effect would therefore tend to homogenize shoals.

One puzzling aspect of shoal selection is how a fish can choose to join a shoal of animals of similar appearance, given that it cannot know its own colour. Experiments with zebrafish have shown that shoal preference is a learned ability, not innate. A zebrafish tends to associate with shoals that resemble shoals that it was reared in (that is, a form of imprinting).

Other open questions of shoaling behaviour include determining the direction of shoal movement. In the case of Migratory movement, most members of a shoal seem to know where they are going, but foraging behaviour is more problematic. Animal behaviourist Stephan G. Reebs, writing in the journal Animal Behaviour, argues that shoals of golden shiner (a kind of minnow) were led by a small number of more experienced individuals.

Quotes

school of fish at Madagascar

"One of the most striking behaviours of a school is its synchronization. Hundreds of small fish glide in unison, more like a single organism than a collection of individuals" Hiro-Sato Niwa, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 1996: 181,p 47

Examples

This is a partial list of animals that swarm.

Origin of the name

All versions of the angular mil are approximately the same size as a milliradian.

Use

The angular mil is commonly used by military organizations.
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radian, in mathematics, is a unit of plane angle, equal to 180/π degrees, or about 57.2958 degrees. It is represented by the symbol "rad" or, more rarely, by the superscript c (for "circular measure"). For example, an angle of 1.2 radians would be written as "1.
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Education encompasses teaching and learning specific skills, and also something less tangible but more profound: the imparting of knowledge, positive judgment and well-developed wisdom.
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Insecta
Linnaeus, 1758

Orders
Subclass Apterygota

* Archaeognatha (bristletails)

* Thysanura (silverfish)

Subclass Pterygota

* Infraclass Paleoptera (Probably paraphyletic)

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