iPedia Free Information Center

Information about Sucrase

Sucrase is the name given to a number of enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of sucrose to fructose and glucose.

Types

Physiology

Sucrose intolerance (also known as Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency (CSID) or Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency) occurs when sucrase is not secreted in the small intestine. With sucrose intolerance, the result of consuming sucrose is excess gas production and often diarrhea and malabsorption.

Sucrase is secreted by the tips of the villi of the epithelium in the small intestine. Its levels are reduced in response to villi-blunting events such as celiac sprue and the inflammation associated with the disorder. The levels increase in Pregnancy/Lactation and Diabetes as the villi hypertrophy.

Use in chemical analysis

Sucrose itself is a non-reducing sugar, having the reducing aldehyde group involved in the glycosidic bond, and therefore will not test positive with Benedict's solution. In order to test for sucrose, the enzyme sucrase is mixed with the sample. The sucrose is hydrolysed into glucose and fructose, with glucose being a reducing sugar, which will test positive with Benedict's solution. Fructose can be isomerized to glucose by the addition of NaOH or other strong base.

See also

External links



 •  • [ e]
Hydrolase: sugar hydrolases (EC 3.2)
3.2.1: Glycoside hydrolasesAmylase (Alpha-Amylase) - Chitinase - Lysozyme - Neuraminidase - Galactosidases (Alpha, Beta) - alpha-Mannosidase - Glucuronidase - Hyaluronidase - Pullulanase - Glucocerebrosidase - Galactosylceramidase - Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase - Fucosidase - Hexosaminidase - Iduronidase - Disaccharidase (Sucrase/Sucrase-isomaltase/Invertase, Maltase, Trehalase, Lactase) - Glucosidases (Cellulase, Alpha-glucosidase, Beta-glucosidase, Debranching enzyme)
3.2.2: Hydrolysing N-Glycosyl compoundsDNA glycosylases: Oxoguanine glycosylase
catalysis is the acceleration (increase in rate) of a chemical reaction by means of a substance called a catalyst, which is itself not consumed by the overall reaction.
..... Click the link for more information.
:Not to be confused with electrolysis


Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction or process in which a chemical compound is broken down by reaction with water.[1][2] This is the type of reaction that is used to break down polymers.
..... Click the link for more information.
Sucrose (common name: table sugar, also called saccharose) is a disaccharide (glucose + fructose) with the molecular formula C12H22O11. Its systematic name is α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fructofuranose.
..... Click the link for more information.
Fructose (or levulose) is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) found in many foods and is one of the three most important blood sugars along with glucose and galactose. Honey, tree fruits, berries, melons, and some root vegetables, such as beets, sweet potatoes, parsnips, and
..... Click the link for more information.
Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide (or simple sugar), is an important carbohydrate in biology. The living cell uses it as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate.
..... Click the link for more information.
Enzyme Commission number (EC number) is a numerical classification scheme for enzymes, based on the chemical reactions they catalyze. As a system of enzyme nomenclature, every EC number is associated with a recommended name for the respective enzyme.
..... Click the link for more information.
Sucrase-isomaltase is an glucosidase enzyme.

A deficiency is responsible for sucrose intolerance.

See also

  • sucrase
  • isomaltase
  • brush border

External links

  • MeSH Sucrase-isomaltase+complex

..... Click the link for more information.
Enzyme Commission number (EC number) is a numerical classification scheme for enzymes, based on the chemical reactions they catalyze. As a system of enzyme nomenclature, every EC number is associated with a recommended name for the respective enzyme.
..... Click the link for more information.
Invertase (EC 3.2.1.26 ) (systematic name: beta-fructofuranosidase) is a sucrase enzyme. It catalyzes the hydrolysis (breakdown) of sucrose (table sugar) to fructose and glucose, usually in the form of inverted sugar syrup.
..... Click the link for more information.
Enzyme Commission number (EC number) is a numerical classification scheme for enzymes, based on the chemical reactions they catalyze. As a system of enzyme nomenclature, every EC number is associated with a recommended name for the respective enzyme.
..... Click the link for more information.
Sucrose intolerance, also called Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency (CSID) or Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency , is the condition in which sucrase, an enzyme needed for proper metabolization of sucrose, is not produced in the small intestine.
..... Click the link for more information.
MeSH D003967 Diarrhea (in American English) or diarrhoea (in British English) is a condition in which the sufferer has frequent watery, loose bowel movements (from the Greek word διάρροια; literally meaning "through-flowing").
..... Click the link for more information.
Malabsorption is a state arising from abnormality in digestion or absorption of food nutrients across the gastrointestinal(GI) tract.

Impairment can be of single or multiple nutrients depending on the abnormality.
..... Click the link for more information.
Villus (Latin: "shaggy hair"[1], plural villi) can refer to:
  • Intestinal villus. This is the most common meaning when not more precisely specified
  • Chorionic villi, found on the surface of the outermost membrane (the chorion) of the fetus

..... Click the link for more information.
epithelium is a tissue composed of a layer of cells. Epithelium lines both the outside (skin) and the inside cavities and lumen of bodies. The outermost layer of our skin is composed of dead stratified squamous, keratinized epithelial cells.
..... Click the link for more information.
In biology the small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract (gut) between the stomach and the large intestine and includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. It is where the vast majority of digestion takes place.
..... Click the link for more information.
Coeliac disease
Classification & external resources

Biopsy of small bowel showing coeliac disease manifested by blunting of villi, crypt hyperplasia, and lymphocyte infiltration of crypts.
ICD-10 K 90.0
ICD-9 579.
..... Click the link for more information.
Inflammation (Latin, inflammatio, to set on fire) is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants.
..... Click the link for more information.
Pregnancy is the carrying of one or more offspring, known as a fetus or embryo, inside the body of a female mammal such as a human. In a pregnancy, there can be multiple gestations (for example, in the case of twins or triplets).
..... Click the link for more information.
Lactation describes the secretion of milk from the mammary glands, the process of providing that milk to the young, and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young.
..... Click the link for more information.
Diabetes mellitus
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 E 10. –E 14.
ICD-9 250

MedlinePlus 001214
eMedicine med/546   emerg/134

MeSH C18.452.394.
..... Click the link for more information.
Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide (or simple sugar), is an important carbohydrate in biology. The living cell uses it as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate.
..... Click the link for more information.
Fructose (or levulose) is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) found in many foods and is one of the three most important blood sugars along with glucose and galactose. Honey, tree fruits, berries, melons, and some root vegetables, such as beets, sweet potatoes, parsnips, and
..... Click the link for more information.
Benedict's reagent (also called Benedict's solution or Benedict's test) is a chemical reagent named after an American chemist, Stanley Rossiter Benedict.[1]
..... Click the link for more information.
Lactose intolerance
Classification & external resources

Lactose, a disaccharide of β-D-galactose &
β-D-glucose, that is normally split by lactase.
ICD-10 E 73.
ICD-9 271.
..... Click the link for more information.
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
..... Click the link for more information.
In biochemistry, a hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a chemical bond. For example, an enzyme that catalyzed the following reaction is a hydrolase:

A–B + H2O → A–OH + B–H

Nomenclature


..... Click the link for more information.
Enzyme Commission number (EC number) is a numerical classification scheme for enzymes, based on the chemical reactions they catalyze. As a system of enzyme nomenclature, every EC number is associated with a recommended name for the respective enzyme.
..... Click the link for more information.
Glycoside hydrolases (also called glycosidases) catalyze the hydrolysis of the glycosidic linkage to generate two smaller sugars. They are extremely common enzymes with roles in nature including degradation of biomass such as cellulose and hemicellulose, in anti-bacterial
..... Click the link for more information.
Amylase is the name given to glycoside hydrolase enzymes that break down starch into glucose molecules. Amylase is also known as Ptyalin. Although the amylases are designated by different Greek letters, they all act on α-1,4-glycosidic bonds.
..... Click the link for more information.


This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.
Herod_Archelaus


page counter