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Information about Subsistence

This article is about subsistence techniques. For the 2006 video game, see .


Subsistence is the food necessary to sustain life.

The following is a list of subsistence techniques:
  • Hunting and Gathering techniques, also known as Foraging:
  • freeganism — involves gathering of discarded food in the context of an urban environment.
  • gleaning — involves the gathering of food that traditional farmers have left behind in their fields.
  • Cultivation:
  • Horticulture — plant cultivation, based on the use of simple tools.
  • subsistence agriculture — agricultural cultivation involving continuous use of arable (crop) land, and is more labor-intensive than horticulture.
  • Pastoralism, the raising of grazing animals:
  • Pastoral nomadism — all members of the pastoral society follow the herd throughout the year.
  • Transhumance or agro-pastoralism — part of the society follows the herd, while the other part maintains a home village.
  • Ranch agriculture — non-nomadic pastoralism with a defined territory.
  • Distribution and :
  • Redistribution
  • Reciprocity — exchange between social equals.
  • Potlatching — a widely studied ritual in which sponsors (helped by their entourages) gave away resources and manufactured wealth while generating prestige for themselves.
  • LETS — Local Exchange Trading Systems.

See also

Economic systems

Ideologies and Theories
Primitive communism
Capitalist economy
Corporate economy
Fascist economy
Laissez-faire
Mercantilism
Natural economy
Social market economy
Socialist economy
Communist economy


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Economic systems

Ideologies and Theories
Primitive communism
Capitalist economy
Corporate economy
Fascist economy
Laissez-faire
Mercantilism
Natural economy
Social market economy
Socialist economy
Communist economy


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For the material that is eaten by foraging by animals, see Forage.
Foraging theory is a branch of behavioral ecology that studies the foraging behavior of animals in response to the environment in which the animal lives.
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Freeganism is an anticonsumerism lifestyle where people employ alternative strategies for living based on "limited participation in the conventional economy and minimal consumption of resources.
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Gleaning is the act of collecting leftover crops from farmers' fields after they have been commercially harvested or on fields where it is not economically profitable to harvest. Some ancient cultures promoted gleaning as an early form of a welfare system.
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Tillage, or cultivation (a term which also has broader meanings related to the raising of plants in general) is the agricultural preparation of the soil by digging it up. Tillage can also mean the land that is tilled.
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Horticulture (Latin: hortus (garden) + cultura (culture)) is the culture or growing of garden plants. Horticulture as classically defined is the subdivision of agriculture dealing in gardening, in contrast to agronomy, which deals with field crops and the
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Subsistence agriculture (also known as self sufficiency in terms of agriculture) is a method of farming in which farmers plan to grow only enough food to feed the family farming, pay taxes or feudal dues, and perhaps provide a small marketable surplus.
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Agriculture (from Agri Latin for ager ("a field"), and culture, from the Latin cultura "cultivation" in the strict sense of "tillage of the soil". A literal reading of the English word yields "tillage of the soil of a field".
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arable land (from Latin arare, to plough) is an agricultural term, meaning land that can be used for growing crops.

Of the earth's 148,000,000 km² (57 million square miles) of land, approximately 31,000,000 km² (12 million square miles) are arable;
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Animal husbandry, also called animal science, stockbreeding or simple husbandry, is the agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock.

The science of animal husbandry is taught in many universities and colleges around the world.
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NOMAD was founded in 2002 as an independent formation and registered as association in 2006. It targets to produce and experiment new patterns in the digital art sphere by using various lenses of other disciplines.
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Not to be confused with Transhumanism.


Transhumance is a term with two accepted usages:
  • Older sources use 'transhumance' for vertical seasonal livestock movement, typically to higher pastures in summer and to lower valleys in winter.

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ranch is an area of landscape, including various structures, given primarily to the practice of ranching, the practice of raising grazing livestock such as cattle or sheep for meat or wool.
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Distribution is one of the 4 aspects of marketing. A distributor is the middleman between the manufacturer and retailer. After a product is manufactured it is typically shipped (and usually sold) to a distributor.
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Redistribution can mean:
  • Redistricting, the changing of political borders
  • Redistribution (Australia) is the specific legal process in Australia whereby electoral boundaries are moved
  • Income redistribution
  • Property redistribution

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Reciprocity may refer to:
  • Ethic of reciprocity, a general philosophical principle of most philosophies and religions.
  • Reciprocity (social psychology), in-kind positive or negative responses of individuals towards the actions of others.

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potlatch is a highly complex event or ceremony among certain Indigenous peoples in North America, including nations on the Pacific Northwest coast of the United States and the Canadian province of British Columbia that has been practiced for thousands of years.
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list of lifestyles.
  • Activism
  • Affluent
  • Ahimsa
  • Artist
  • Asceticism
  • Athlete
  • Back-to-the-land
  • BDSM
  • Bahá'í Faith
  • Beatnik
  • Belongers
  • Bohemianism
  • Breatharianism
  • Buddhism
  • BMXER
  • Celibacy
  • Chastity
  • Child soldier

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Anthropological theories of value attempt to expand on the traditional theories of value used by economists or ethicists. They are often broader in scope than the theories of value of Adam Smith, David Ricardo, John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx, etc.
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A staple food is a food that forms the basis of a traditional diet, particularly that of the poor. Staple foods vary from place to place, but are typically inexpensive starchy foods of vegetable origin that are high in food energy (Calories) and carbohydrate and that can be stored
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society is a grouping of individuals which is characterized by common interests and may have distinctive culture and institutions. Members of a society may be from different ethnic groups.
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