Information about Submaxillary Gland
) | |
| Salivary glands: #1 is Parotid gland, #2 is Submaxillary gland, #3 is Sublingual gland | |
| Latin | glandula submandibularis |
| Artery | glandular branches of facial artery |
| Nerve | submandibular ganglion |
| MeSH | Submandibular+Gland |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | g_06/12392708 |
Anatomy
Lying superior to the digastric muscles, each submandibular gland is divided into superficial and deep lobes, which are separated by the mylohyoid muscle.- The superficial portion is larger. The mylohyoid muscle is deep to it.
- The deep portion is smaller. Secretions are delivered into Wharton's ducts on the deep portion, which crosses the lingual nerve, and opens into two papillae on either side of the lingual frenulum.
Histology
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Human submaxillary gland. At the right is a group of mucous alveoli, at the left a group of serous alveoli.
Like other exocrine glands, the submandibular gland can be classified by the microscopic anatomy of its secretory cells and how they are arranged. Because the glands are branched, and because the tubules forming the branches contain secretory cells, submandibular glands are classified as branched tubuloacinar glands. Further, because the secretory cells are of both serous and mucous types, the submandibular gland is a mixed gland, though it is mostly serous.
Functions
The secretory cells of the submandibular gland have distinct functions. In particular, the serous cells produce salivary amylase, which aids in the breakdown of starches in the mouth. Mucous cells secrete mucin which aids in the lubrication of the food bolus as it travels through the esophagus. The mucous cells are the most active and therefore the major product of the submandibular glands is viscous saliva.The submandibular gland's highly active acini account for approximately 70% of salivary volume. The parotid and sublingual glands account for the remaining 30%.
Innervation
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Parasympathetic and Sympathetic connections of the submaxillary and superior cervical ganglia.
- Parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular glands is provided by the superior salivatory nucleus via the chorda tympani, a branch of the facial nerve that synapses in the submandibular ganglion. Increased parasympathetic activity promotes the secretion of saliva.
- The sympathetic nervous system regulates submandibular secretions through vasoconstriction of the arteries that supply it. Increased sympathetic activity reduces glandular bloodflow, thereby decreasing salivary secretions and produceing an enzyme rich serous saliva.
Pathology
The submandibular gland accounts for 80% of all salivary duct calculi, possibly due to the different nature of the saliva that it produces and that its duct is up-sloping.Additional images
) Mandible. Inner surface. Side view. | Distribution of the maxillary and mandibular nerves, and the submaxillary ganglion. | Digestive system | Mucus cell are identifiable by the lack of color in their cytoplasm, while serosal cells have a basophilic color. |
References
- Douglas F. Paulsen (2000). Histology and cell biology, 4th edition, Stamford, Conn: Lange Medical Books/McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-0593-7.
- A. R. Ten Cate (1998). Oral Histology: Development, Structure, and Function, 5th edition, Saint Louis: Mosby-Year Book.
External links
- Histology at usc.edu
- submandibular+gland at eMedicine Dictionary
- SUNY Labs 25:10-0109 - "Anterior Triangle of the Neck: Nerves and Vessels of the Carotid Triangle"
- SUNY Labs 34:09-0102 - "Oral Cavity: The Submandibular Gland and Duct"
- Norman/Georgetown cranialnerves (VII)
General anatomy of head and neck - head | |
|---|---|
| Face/Occiput | Forehead • Eye • Ear • Temple • Cheek • Chin |
| External nose | Nostril • Nasal septum • Cartilages (Accessory nasal, of the septum, Greater alar, Lateral nasal, Lesser alar, Vomeronasal) • Olfactory glands |
| Nasal cavity | Choana • Turbinate • Sphenoethmoidal recess • Ethmoid bulla • Hiatus semilunaris • Ostium maxillare • Inferior meatus • Vomeronasal organ • Paranasal sinus |
| Mouth/oral cavity | Lip • Philtrum • Jaw • Pterygomandibular raphe |
| Teeth | Permanent (Incisor, Canine, Premolar, Molar) • Deciduous |
| Tongue | Plica fimbriata • Median sulcus • Foramen cecum • Terminal sulcus • Frenulum linguae • Anterior tongue • Posterior tongue |
| Palate/roof of mouth | Hard palate • Soft palate • Palatine raphe • Incisive papilla • Uvula • Pharyngeal recess • Arches: (Palatoglossal • Palatopharyngeal) |
| Salivary glands | (Parotid • Sublingual • Submandibular) • Ducts: Submandibular • Parotid |
| fascia | Masseteric fascia • Temporal fascia • Galea aponeurotica • Scalp |
The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands that produce saliva. In other taxa such as insects, salivary glands are often used to produce biologically important proteins such as silk or glues.
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For the toad wart, see parotoid gland.
The parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands. It is found wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and it secretes saliva through Stensen's duct into the oral cavity, to facilitate mastication and swallowing.
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The parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands. It is found wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and it secretes saliva through Stensen's duct into the oral cavity, to facilitate mastication and swallowing.
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The sublingual glands are salivary glands in the mouth.
They lie anterior to the submandibular gland under the tongue, beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth.
They are drained by 8-20 excretory ducts.
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They lie anterior to the submandibular gland under the tongue, beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth.
They are drained by 8-20 excretory ducts.
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Latin}}}
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
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Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
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Arteries are muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.[1] All arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary and umbilical arteries, carry oxygenated blood.
The circulatory system is extremely important for sustaining life.
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The circulatory system is extremely important for sustaining life.
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The glandular branches of the facial artery (submaxillary branches) consist of three or four large vessels, which supply the submaxillary gland, some being prolonged to the neighboring muscles, lymph glands, and integument.
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A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons (the long, slender projection of a neuron). Neurons are sometimes called nerve cells, though this term is technically imprecise since many neurons do not form nerves, and nerves also include the glial cells that
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The submandibular ganglion (or submaxillary ganglion in older texts) is part of the human autonomic nervous system. It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. (The others are the otic ganglion, pterygopalatine ganglion, and ciliary ganglion).
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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
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The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands that produce saliva. In other taxa such as insects, salivary glands are often used to produce biologically important proteins such as silk or glues.
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For the band, see .
Saliva is the watery and usually frothy substance produced in the mouths of humans and some animals. In animals, saliva is produced in and secreted from the salivary glands...... Click the link for more information.
The digastric muscle (named digastric as it has two bellies) is a small muscle located under the jaw.
It lies below the body of the mandible, and extends, in a curved form, from the mastoid process to the symphysis menti. It belongs to the suprahyoid muscles group.
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It lies below the body of the mandible, and extends, in a curved form, from the mastoid process to the symphysis menti. It belongs to the suprahyoid muscles group.
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The mylohyoid muscle is a muscle running from the mandible to the hyoid bone, forming the floor of the oral cavity.
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Structure
The mylohyoid muscle is flat and triangular, and is situated immediately above the anterior belly of the digastric muscle...... Click the link for more information.
The submandibular duct (Wharton's duct[1], submaxillary duct) is about 5 cm. long, and its wall is much thinner than that of the parotid duct.
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The lingual nerve is a branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3), itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve. The lingual nerve supplies sensory innervation to the mucous membrane of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
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A papilla (plural: papillae) can be:
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- A small projection, such as a nipple-like projection on the skin, at the base of a hair or the root of a feather; the base of a new tooth.
- A pimple or blister
- An interdental papilla is the part of gingiva located between teeth.
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The frenulum linguae (or lingual frenulum) is the frenulum of the tongue.
In contemporary culture, a tongue frenulum piercing or tongue web piercing involves piercing the frenulum linguae to enable body jewellery to be inserted.
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In contemporary culture, a tongue frenulum piercing or tongue web piercing involves piercing the frenulum linguae to enable body jewellery to be inserted.
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Adenomere is the functional unit in salivary glands. Adenomeres are secretory subunits of lobules. They consist of all the secretory cells that release their products into a single intralobular duct.
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In physiology, the term serous fluid is used for various bodily fluids that are typically pale yellow and transparent, and of a benign nature.
Saliva consists of mucus and serous fluid; the serous fluid contains the enzyme amylase important for the digestion of carbohydrates.
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Saliva consists of mucus and serous fluid; the serous fluid contains the enzyme amylase important for the digestion of carbohydrates.
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Mucous glands, found in several different parts of the body, typically stain lighter than serous glands during standard histological preparation. Most are multicellular, but goblet cell are single-celled glands.
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A serous demilune is a cap in the shape of a half-moon (hence the name, "demilune") on some salivary glands.
The serous demilune is an artifact from traditional methods of preparing samples. Samples are traditionally preserved and fixed in formaldehyde.
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The serous demilune is an artifact from traditional methods of preparing samples. Samples are traditionally preserved and fixed in formaldehyde.
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Lysozyme is a 14.4 kilodalton enzyme (EC 3.2.1.17 ) that damages bacterial cell walls by catalyzing hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrins.
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Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products (enzymes) into ducts (duct glands). They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands).
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alveolar glands[1] (or saccular glands[2][3], or acinar glands[4], or acinous glands[5][6]).
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Amylase is the name given to glycoside hydrolase enzymes that break down starch into glucose molecules. Amylase is also known as Ptyalin. Although the amylases are designated by different Greek letters, they all act on α-1,4-glycosidic bonds.
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Starch (CAS# 9005-25-8, chemical formula (C6H10O5)n,[1]) is a mixture of amylose and amylopectin (usually in 20:80 or 30:70 ratios).
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Mucins are a family of large, heavily glycosylated proteins. Although some mucins are membrane-bound due to the presence of a hydrophobic membrane-spanning domain that favors retention in the plasma membrane, the concentration here is on those mucins that are secreted on mucosal
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In digestion, a bolus (from Latin bolus, ball) is a round mass of organic matter moving through the digestive tract. A bolus is initially shaped through chewing and swallowing of food and maintained as peristalsis moves it through the intestines, eventually being released as feces.
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The esophagus (also spelled oesophagus/œsophagus, Greek οἰσοφάγος), or gullet
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