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Information about Subfornical Organ

Brain:
Mesal aspect of a brain sectioned in the median sagittal plane. (Subfornical organ not labeled, but fornix and foramen of Monro are both labeled near the center.)
Latinorganum subfornicale
NeuroNameshier-437
MeSH Subfornical+Organ
Dorlands/Elsevier o_06/12596286
The subfornical organ, situated on the ventral surface of the fornix, at the foramen of Monro, is one of the circumventricular organs of the brain.

Relations with other circumventricular organs

Other circumventricular organs are the area postrema in the brainstem and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT).

The OVLT and the SFO are both strongly interconnected with the nucleus medianus, and together these three structures comprise the so called "AV3V" region - the region anterior and ventral to the third ventricle. The AV3V region is very important in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance, by controlling thirst, sodium excretion, blood volume regulation, and vasopressin secretion.

The SFO is outside the blood-brain barrier, and so neurons in this region can respond to factors that are present in the systemic circulation.

Neurons

Some neurons in the SFO are osmoreceptors, being sensitive to the osmotic pressure of the blood. These neurons project to the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus to regulate the activity of vasopressin-secreting neurons. These neurons also project to the nucleus medianus (also called the median preoptic nucleus) which is involved in controlling thirst.

Neurons in the SFO have receptors for many hormones that circulate in the blood but which do not cross the blood-brain barrier, including angiotensin[1], atrial natriuretic hormone, endothelin and relaxin.

References

1. ^ Lind R, Johnson A (1982). "Subfornical organ-median preoptic connections and drinking and pressor responses to angiotensin II". J Neurosci 2 (8): 1043-51. PMID 7108583. 


 •  • [ e]
Brain: diencephalon
EpithalamusPineal body • Habenula (Habenular nuclei)
Hypothalamus
SubthalamusSubthalamic nucleus • Zona incerta • Thalamic fasciculus • Lenticular fasciculus
Thalamus/nucleiVentral nuclear group (VA/VL, VP/VPM/VPL) • MD • AN • LNG (Pulvinar) • Intralaminar nucleus (Centromedian nucleus) • Midline nuclear group • Thalamic reticular nucleus • Metathalamus (MG, LG) • Interthalamic adhesion
Third ventriclerecesses: (Optic recess, Infundibular recess, Suprapineal recess, Pineal recess) • Hypothalamic sulcus
OtherInterventricular foramina • Optic chiasm • Subfornical organ • Mammillothalamic tract
Latin}}} 
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
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NeuroNames is a system of nomenclature for the human and/or macaque brain.

It is maintained by the University of Washington and is a part of a tool called "BrainInfo". BrainInfo helps one identify structures in the brain.
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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
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fornix (Latin, "vault" or "arch") is a C-shaped bundle of fibres (axons) in the brain, and carries signals from the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies and septal nuclei.
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In the brain, the interventricular foramina (or foramina of Monro) are channels that connect the paired lateral ventricles with the third ventricle at the midline of the brain.
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Circumventricular organs are so named because they are positioned at distinct sites around the margin of the ventricular system of the brain. They are among the few sites in the brain which have an incomplete blood-brain barrier.
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In animals, the brain or encephalon (Greek for "in the skull"), is the control center of the central nervous system, responsible for behavior. The brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing,
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The area postrema is a part of the brain that controls vomiting. It was discovered in 1953 by Utah Pharmacologists Herbert L. Borison and S. C. Wang [1] .

Location

It is thus located in the lateral reticular formation of the medulla oblongata.
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The organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) (or supraoptic crest) is one of the circumventricular organs of the brain . Other circumventricular organs are the subfornical organ (SFO) and the area postrema in the brainstem.
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The third ventricle (ventriculus tertius) is one of four connected fluid-filled cavities comprising the ventricular system within the human brain. It is a median cleft between the two thalami, and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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Thirst is the basic instinct of humans or animals to drink. It arises from a lack of fluids and/or an increase in the concentration of certain osmolites such as salt. If the water volume of the body falls below a certain threshold, or the osmolite concentration becomes too high,
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Blood volume is the volume of blood (both red blood cells and plasma) in a person's circulatory system. A typical adult male human has a blood volume of some five litres [1] . Blood volume is regulated by the kidneys.
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Arginine vasopressin (AVP), also known as argipressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH), is a hormone found in most mammals, including humans. One of its most important roles is to regulate the body's retention of water, being released when the body is
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The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a membranic structure that acts primarily to protect the brain from chemicals in the blood, while still allowing essential metabolic function. It is composed of endothelial cells, which are packed very tightly in brain capillaries.
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An osmoreceptor is a sensory receptor primarily found in the hypothalamus of most homeothermic organisms that detects changes in osmotic pressure. Osmoreceptors can be found in several structures, including the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) and the subfornical
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Osmotic pressure is the hydrostatic pressure produced by a solution in a space divided by a semipermeable membrane due to a differential in the concentrations of solute.

Osmotic potential
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The supraoptic nucleus (SON) is a nucleus of magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus of the mammalian brain. The nucleus is situated at the base of the brain, adjacent to the optic chiasm, and, in humans, it contains about 3,000 neurons.
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The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is an aggregation of neurons in the hypothalamus, which produces many hormones.

Location

It is adjacent to the third ventricle (hence the name of the nucleus.
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Arginine vasopressin (AVP), also known as argipressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH), is a hormone found in most mammals, including humans. One of its most important roles is to regulate the body's retention of water, being released when the body is
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Angiotensin is an oligopeptide in the blood that causes vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure, and release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. It is a powerful dipsogen. It is derived from the precursor molecule angiotensinogen, a serum globulin produced in the liver.
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Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), or atriopeptin, is a polypeptide hormone involved in the homeostatic control of body water, sodium, and adiposity.
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Identifiers
Symbol EDN2

Entrez 1907
HUGO 3177
OMIM 131241

RefSeq NM_001956
UniProt P20800
Other data

Locus Chr. 1 p34 Endothelin is a 21-amino acid vasoconstricting peptide that plays a key part in vascular homeostasis.
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Identifiers
Symbol RLN2

Entrez 6019
HUGO 10027
OMIM 179740

Other data

Locus Chr. 9 qter-q12 Relaxin is a peptide hormone that was first described in 1926 by Frederick Hisaw.
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In animals, the brain or encephalon (Greek for "in the skull"), is the control center of the central nervous system, responsible for behavior. The brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing,
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The diencephalon is the region of the brain that includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, prethalamus or subthalamus and pretectum. It is derived from the prosencephalon. The diencephalon is located at the midline of the brain, above the mesencephalon of the brain stem.
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The epithalamus is a dorsal posterior segment of the diencephalon (a segment in the middle of the brain also containing the hypothalamus and the thalamus) which includes the habenula, the stria medullaris and the pineal body.
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The pineal gland (also called the pineal body, epiphysis cerebri, or epiphysis) is a small endocrine gland in the brain. It is shaped like a tiny pine cone, and is located near the center of the brain, between the two hemispheres, tucked in a groove where the
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In neuroanatomy, habenula originally denoted the stalk of the pineal gland (pineal habenula; pedunculus of pineal body), but gradually came to refer to a neighboring group of nerve cells with which the pineal gland was believed to be associated, the habenular nucleus.
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habenular nuclei are not labeled directly, but after expanding, look to region with 'habenular commissure', 'pineal body', and 'posterior commissure' ]]

The habenular nuclei
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