Information about Slew Rate
)
slew rate effect on a square wave: red= desired output, green= distorted output
where f is the frequency, and
is the peak value of the waveform.
Slew rate is usually expressed in units of V/µs.
In mechanics the slew rate is given in dimensions 1/T and is associated with the change in position over time of an object which orbits around the observer.
Definition
The output slew-rate of an amplifier or other electronic circuit is defined as the maximum rate of change of the output voltage for all possible input signals.
where
is the output produced by the amplifier as a function of time t.
Measurement
The slew rate can be measured using a function generator(usually square wave) and oscilloscope.Slew rate limiting in amplifiers
There are slight differences between different op-amp designs in how the slewing phenomenon occurs. However, the general principles are the same as in this illustration.The input stage of modern power amplifiers is usually a differential amplifier with a transconductance characteristic. This means the input stage takes a differential input voltage and produces an output current into the second stage.
The transconductance is typically very high — this is where the large open loop gain of the amplifier is generated. This also means that a fairly small input voltage can cause the input stage to saturate. In saturation, the stage produces a nearly constant output current.
The second stage of modern power amplifiers is, amongst other things, where frequency compensation is accomplished. The low pass characteristic of this stage approximates an integrator. A constant current input will therefore produce a linearly increasing output. If the second stage has a compensation capacitance
and gain 
, then slew rate in this example can be expressed as:
where
is the output current of the first stage in saturation.
Electronics is the study of the flow of charge through various materials and devices such as, semiconductors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, nano-structures, and vacuum tubes. All applications of electronics involve the transmission of power and possibly information.
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sine wave or sinusoid is a function that occurs often in mathematics, physics, signal processing, electrical engineering, and many other fields. Its most basic form is:
which describes a wavelike function of time (t) with
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which describes a wavelike function of time (t) with
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amplifier is any device that will use a small amount of energy and convert it to a larger amount of energy. In popular use, the term today usually refers to an electronic amplifier, often as in audio applications.
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volt (symbol: V) is the SI derived unit of electric potential difference or electromotive force.[1][2] It is named in honor of the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta (1745–1827), who invented the voltaic pile, the first modern chemical battery.
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To help compare orders of magnitude of different times this page lists times between 10−6 seconds and 10−5 seconds (1 microsecond to 10 microseconds). A microsecond is one millionth of a second.
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For other uses, see Mechanic (disambiguation).
Mechanics (Greek Μηχανική
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Dimensional analysis is a conceptual tool often applied in physics, chemistry, and engineering to understand physical situations involving a mix of different kinds of physical quantities.
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differential amplifier is a type of electronic amplifier that multiplies the difference between two inputs by some constant factor (the differential gain). A differential amplifier is the input stage of operational amplifiers, or op-amps, and emitter coupled logic gates.
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Transconductance, also known as mutual conductance, is a property of certain electronic components. Conductance is the reciprocal of resistance and transconductance is the ratio of the current at the output port and the voltage at the input ports and is written as g
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Differential may refer to:
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Mathematics
- Differential (calculus), multiple related meanings in calculus and differential geometry, such as an infinitesimal change in the value of a function
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Electric current is the flow (movement) of electric charge. The SI unit of electric current is the ampere (A), which is equal to a flow of one coulomb of charge per second.
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Definition
The amount of electric current (measured in amperes) through some surface, e.g...... Click the link for more information.
For magnetic materials, saturation is the state when the material cannot absorb a stronger magnetic field, such that an increase of magnetization force produces no significant change in magnetic flux density.
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Saturation or saturated generally means "thoroughly full", while unsaturated means less than full. These terms may be related to:
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- Dew point, which is a temperature that occurs when atmospheric humidity reaches 100% and the air can hold no more moisture
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In electrical engineering, frequency compensation is a design technique for amplifiers which use negative feedback or those, such as operational amplifiers, that are intended for use with negative feedback.
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A low-pass filter is a filter that passes low frequency signals but attenuates (reduces the amplitude of) signals with frequencies higher than the cutoff frequency. The actual amount of attenuation for each frequency varies from filter to filter.
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An integrator is a device to perform the mathematical operation known as integration, a fundamental operation in calculus.
The integration function is often part of engineering, physics, mechanical, chemical and scientific calculations.
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The integration function is often part of engineering, physics, mechanical, chemical and scientific calculations.
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Capacitance is a measure of the amount of electric charge stored (or separated) for a given electric potential. The most common form of charge storage device is a two-plate capacitor.
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