Information about Signal Processing
Signal processing is the analysis, interpretation and manipulation of signals. Signals of interest include sound, images, biological signals such as ECG, radar signals, and many others. Processing of such signals includes storage and reconstruction, separation of information from noise (e.g., aircraft identification by radar), compression (e.g., image compression), and feature extraction (e.g., speech-to-text conversion).
There are various sorts of signal processing, depending on the nature of the signal, as in the following examples.
For analog signals, signal processing may involve the amplification and filtering of audio signals for audio equipment or the modulation and demodulation of signals for telecommunications. For digital signals, signal processing may involve the compression, error checking and error detection of digital signals.
Signal classification
Signals can be either analog or digital, and may come from various sources.There are various sorts of signal processing, depending on the nature of the signal, as in the following examples.
For analog signals, signal processing may involve the amplification and filtering of audio signals for audio equipment or the modulation and demodulation of signals for telecommunications. For digital signals, signal processing may involve the compression, error checking and error detection of digital signals.
- Analog signal processing—for signals that have not been digitized, as in classical radio, telephone, radar, and television systems
- Digital signal processing—for signals that have been digitized. Processing is done by digital circuits such as ASICs, FPGAs, general-purpose microprocessors or computers, or specialized digital signal processor chips.
- Statistical signal processing—analyzing and extracting information from signals based on their statistical properties
- Audio signal processing—for electrical signals representing sound, such as music
- Speech signal processing—for processing and interpreting spoken words
- Image processing—in digital cameras, computers, and various imaging systems
- Video signal processing—for interpreting moving pictures
- Array processing—for processing signals from arrays of sensors
Topics in signal processing
- Sampling (signal processing)
- Quantization (signal processing)
- LTI system theory
- Fourier transform
- Wavelet transform
See also
signal is any time-varying quantity. Signals are often scalar-valued functions of time (waveforms), but may be vector valued and may be functions of any other relevant independent variable.
The concept is broad, and hard to define precisely.
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The concept is broad, and hard to define precisely.
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Audio signal processing, sometimes referred to as audio processing, is the processing of a representation of auditory signals, or sound. The representation can be digital or analog.
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Image processing is any form of information processing for which the input is an image, such as photographs or frames of video; the output is not necessarily an image, but can be for instance a set of features of the image.
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electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG, abbreviated from the German Elektrokardiogramm) is a graphic produced by an electrocardiograph, which records the electrical activity of the heart over time.
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Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range, altitude, direction, or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as aircraft, ships, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain.
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NOiSE is a one volume manga created by Tsutomu Nihei as a prequel to his acclaimed ten-volume work, Blame!.
It offers some rather sketchy information concerning the Megastructure's origins and initial size, as well as the origins of Silicon life.
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It offers some rather sketchy information concerning the Megastructure's origins and initial size, as well as the origins of Silicon life.
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data compression or source coding is the process of encoding information using fewer bits (or other information-bearing units) than an un-encoded representation would use through use of specific encoding schemes.
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Image compression is the application of Data compression on digital images. In effect, the objective is to reduce redundancy of the image data in order to be able to store or transmit data in an efficient form.
Image compression can be lossy or lossless.
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Image compression can be lossy or lossless.
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In pattern recognition and in image processing, Feature extraction is a special form of dimensionality reduction.
When the input data to an algorithm is too large to be processed and it is suspected to be notoriously redundant (much data, but not much information) then the
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When the input data to an algorithm is too large to be processed and it is suspected to be notoriously redundant (much data, but not much information) then the
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Speech recognition (in many contexts also known as automatic speech recognition, computer speech recognition or erroneously as voice recognition) is the process of converting a speech signal to a sequence of words in the form of digital data, by means of an
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signal is any time-varying quantity. Signals are often scalar-valued functions of time (waveforms), but may be vector valued and may be functions of any other relevant independent variable.
The concept is broad, and hard to define precisely.
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The concept is broad, and hard to define precisely.
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Analog signal processing is any signal processing conducted on analog signals by analog means. "Analog" indicates something that is mathematically represented as a set of continuous values. This differs from "digital" which uses a series of discrete quantities to represent signal.
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Digital signal processing ('DSP') is the study of signals in a digital representation and the processing methods of these signals. DSP and analog signal processing are subfields of signal processing.
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application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is an integrated circuit (IC) customized for a particular use, rather than intended for general-purpose use. For example, a chip designed solely to run a cell phone is an ASIC.
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field-programmable gate array is a semiconductor device containing programmable logic components called "logic blocks", and programmable interconnects. Logic blocks can be programmed to perform the function of basic logic gates such as AND, and XOR, or more complex combinational
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Microprocessor
Die of an Intel 80486DX2 microprocessor (actual size: 12×6.75 mm) in its packaging
Date Invented: Late 1960s/Early 1970s (see article for explanation)
Connects to:
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Die of an Intel 80486DX2 microprocessor (actual size: 12×6.75 mm) in its packaging
Date Invented: Late 1960s/Early 1970s (see article for explanation)
Connects to:
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computer is a machine which manipulates data according to a list of instructions.
Computers take numerous physical forms. The first devices that resemble modern computers date to the mid-20th century (around 1940 - 1941), although the computer concept and various machines
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Computers take numerous physical forms. The first devices that resemble modern computers date to the mid-20th century (around 1940 - 1941), although the computer concept and various machines
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A digital signal processor (DSP) is a specialized microprocessor designed specifically for digital signal processing, generally in real-time computing.
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Characteristics of typical Digital Signal Processors
- Designed for real-time processing
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Statistical signal processing is an area of signal processing that treats signals as stochastic processes, dealing with their statistical properties (e.g., mean, covariance, etc.).
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Audio signal processing, sometimes referred to as audio processing, is the processing of a representation of auditory signals, or sound. The representation can be digital or analog.
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Speech signal processing refers to the acquisition, manipulation, storage, transfer and output of human utterances by a computer. The main goals are the recognition, synthesis and compression of human speech:
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Image processing is any form of information processing for which the input is an image, such as photographs or frames of video; the output is not necessarily an image, but can be for instance a set of features of the image.
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Video (Latin for "I see", first person singular present, indicative of videre, "to see") is the technology of electronically capturing, recording, processing, storing, transmitting, and reconstructing a sequence of still images representing scenes in motion.
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Array processing is signal processing of the outputs of an array of sensors to:
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- Enhance the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) compared to that of a single sensor using conventional or adaptive beamforming.
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In signal processing, sampling is the reduction of a continuous signal to a discrete signal. A common example is the conversion of a sound wave (a continuous-time signal) to a sequence of samples (a discrete-time signal).
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quantization is the process of approximating a continuous range of values (or a very large set of possible discrete values) by a relatively-small set of discrete symbols or integer values.
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LTI system theory investigates the response of a linear, time-invariant system to an arbitrary input signal. Though the standard independent variable is time, it could just as easily be space (as in image processing and field theory) or some other coordinate.
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Fourier transform, named in honor of French mathematician Joseph Fourier, is a certain linear operator that maps functions to other functions. Loosely speaking, the Fourier transform decomposes a function into a continuous spectrum of its frequency components
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In mathematics, a wavelet series is a representation of a square-integrable (real- or complex-valued) function by a certain orthonormal series generated by a wavelet. This article provides a formal, mathematical definition of an orthonormal wavelet and of the
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signal is any time-varying quantity. Signals are often scalar-valued functions of time (waveforms), but may be vector valued and may be functions of any other relevant independent variable.
The concept is broad, and hard to define precisely.
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The concept is broad, and hard to define precisely.
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