Information about Separatory Funnel
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Separating funnel. The ether layer with a dissolved yellow compound is on top and an aqueous layer is at the bottom
A separating funnel, also known as separation funnel, separatory funnel, or colloquially sep funnel, is a laboratory glassware used in liquid-liquid extractions to separate (partition) the components of a mixture between two immiscible solvent phases of different densities.
Typically, one of the phases will be aqueous, and the other a non-polar lipophilic organic solvent such as ether, MTBE, dichloromethane, chloroform, or ethyl acetate. Most organic solvents stay on top of an aqueous phase, important exceptions are most halogenated solvents.
A separating funnel has the shape of a cone surmounted by a hemisphere. It has a stopper at the top and stopcock (tap), at the bottom. Separating funnels used in the lab are typically made from borosilicate glass and the stopcocks are made from glass or Teflon. Typical sizes are between 50 mL and 3 L. In industrial chemistry they can be much bigger and for much larger volumes centrifuges are used.
To use the funnel, the two phases and the mixture to be separated in solution are added through the top with the stopcock at the bottom closed. The funnel is then closed and shaken very strongly to bring the phases into close contact. The funnel is then inverted and the tap carefully opened to release excess vapor pressure. The separating funnel is set aside to allow for the complete separation of the phases. The top and the bottom tap are then opened and the two phases are released by gravitation.
See also
- Laboratory funnel
- Multiphasic liquid for systems of more than three liquid phases
- Acid-base extraction
External links
- MIT OpenCourseWare Digital Lab Techniques Manual Separatory funnel demonstration video, see "Reaction Work-Up I"
Laboratory Equipment | |
|---|---|
| Equipment | Agar plate • Aspirator • Autoclave • Bunsen burner • Calorimeter • Colony counter • Colorimeter • Laboratory centrifuge • Fume hood • Glove box • Incubator • Homogenizer • Laminar flow cabinet • Magnetic stirrer • Microscope • Microtiter plate • Plate reader • Spectrophotometer • Stir bar • Thermometer • Vortex mixer • Static mixer |
| Glassware | Beaker • Boiling tube • Bchner funnel • Burette • Cold finger • Condenser • Conical measure • Crucible • Cuvette • Laboratory flasks (Erlenmeyer flask, Round-bottom flask, Florence flask, Volumetric flask, Bchner flask, Retort) • Gas syringe • Graduated cylinder • Glass tube • NMR tube • Pipette • Petri dish • Separating funnel • Soxhlet extractor • Test tube • Thistle tube • Watch glass |
Separation processes
Processes
Acid-base extraction • Chromatography • Crystallization • Dissolved air flotation • Distillation • Drying • Electrochromatography • Filtration • Flocculation • Froth flotation
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Processes
Acid-base extraction • Chromatography • Crystallization • Dissolved air flotation • Distillation • Drying • Electrochromatography • Filtration • Flocculation • Froth flotation
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Miscibility is a term in chemistry that refers to the property of liquids to mix in all proportions, forming a homogeneous solution. In principle, the term applies also to other phases (solids and gases), but the main focus on the solubility of one liquid in another.
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A solvent is a liquid that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution. The most common solvent in everyday life is water. Most other commonly-used solvents are organic (carbon-containing) chemicals. These are called organic solvents.
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In physics, density is mass m per unit volume V—how heavy something is compared to its size. A small, heavy object, such as a rock or a lump of lead, is denser than a lighter object of the same size or a larger object of the same weight, such as pieces of
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Lipophilicity, fat-liking, refers to the ability of a chemical compound to dissolve in fats, oils, lipids, and non-polar solvents such as hexane or toluene.[1] These non-polar solvents are themselves lipophilic — the axiom that like dissolves like
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A solvent is a liquid that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution. The most common solvent in everyday life is water. Most other commonly-used solvents are organic (carbon-containing) chemicals. These are called organic solvents.
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Ether is the general name for a class of chemical compounds which contain an ether group — an oxygen atom connected to two (substituted) alkyl or aryl groups — of general formula R–O–R'.
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Dichloromethane (DCM) or methylene chloride is the chemical compound with the formula CH2Cl2. It is a colorless, volatile liquid with a moderately sweet aroma.
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Chloroform, also known as trichloromethane and methyl trichloride, is a chemical compound with formula CHCl3. It does not undergo combustion in air, although it will burn when mixed with more flammable substances.
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Ethyl acetate is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH2OC(O)CH3. This colorless liquid has a characteristic, not unpleasant smell (similar to pear drops) like certain glues or nail polish removers, in which it is used.
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halogens or halogen elements are a series of nonmetal elements from Group 17 (old-style: VII or VIIA; Group 7 IUPAC Style) of the periodic table, comprising fluorine, F; chlorine, Cl; bromine, Br; iodine, I; and astatine, At.
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stopcock is a valve used to restrict or isolate the flow of a liquid or gas through a pipe.
In Great Britain a stopcock, not to be confused with a gate valve, is used to prevent flow of water into a domestic water system. There are usually two stopcocks for a home.
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In Great Britain a stopcock, not to be confused with a gate valve, is used to prevent flow of water into a domestic water system. There are usually two stopcocks for a home.
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Borosilicate glass is a type of heat-resistant glass. Borosilicate glass was first developed by German glassmaker Otto Schott in the late 19th century and sold under the brand name "Duran" in 1893.
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Teflon is a trademark of DuPont and is commonly used for the chemical compound polytetrafluoroethylene.
Teflon can also refer to:
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Teflon can also refer to:
- Teflon character
- John Gotti, nicknamed the Teflon Don
- Ronald Reagan and Bill Clinton, both nicknamed
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centrifuge is a piece of equipment, generally driven by a motor, that puts an object in rotation around a fixed axis, applying force perpendicular to the axis. The centrifuge works using the sedimentation principle, where the centripetal acceleration is used to separate substances
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Vapor pressure, also known as vapour pressure, is the pressure of a vapor in equilibrium with its non-vapor phases. All liquids and solids have a tendency to evaporate to a gaseous form, and all gases have a tendency to condense back into their orignal form (either liquid
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funnel is a pipe with a wide, often conical mouth and a narrow stem. It is used to channel liquid or fine-grained substances into containers with a small opening. Without a funnel, much spillage would occur.
Funnels are usually made of stainless steel, glass, or plastic.
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Funnels are usually made of stainless steel, glass, or plastic.
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A multiphasic liquid, also known as a multiphasic liquid-liquid-liquid system, is a mixture consisting of more than two immiscible liquid phases. Biphasic mixtures consisting of two immiscible phases are very common and usually consist of an organic solvent and an aqueous
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Acid-base extraction is a procedure using sequential liquid-liquid extractions to purify acids and bases from mixtures based on their chemical properties. Acid-base extraction is routinely performed during the work-up after chemical syntheses and for the isolation of compounds and
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agar plate is a sterile Petri dish that contains a growth medium (typically agar plus nutrients) used to culture microorganisms. Selective growth compounds may also be added to the media, such as antibiotics.
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aspirator, also called an ejector or filter pump, is a device that produces vacuum by means of the Venturi effect. In an aspirator, fluid (liquid or gaseous) flows through a tube which then narrows.
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autoclave is a pressurized device designed to heat aqueous solutions above their boiling point to achieve sterilization. It was invented by Charles Chamberland in 1879.[1] The term autoclave
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Bunsen burner is a common piece of laboratory equipment used for heating, sterilization, and combustion.
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History
A common misconception is that the Bunsen burner was invented by German chemist Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and Christian Schonbein...... Click the link for more information.
calorimeter is a device used for calorimetry, the science of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes as well as heat capacity. The word calorimeter is derived from the Latin word calor, meaning heat.
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colony counter is an instrument used to count colonies of bacteria or other microorganisms growing on an agar plate. Early counters were merely lighted surfaces on which the plate was placed, with the colonies marked off with a felt-tipped pen on the outer surface of the plate
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colorimeter is an instrument for determining the concentration of a particular compound in a preparation by comparing the intensity of colour in it with that of a standard (control) preparation of known concentration. This device used for colorimetry was invented by Jan Szczepanik.
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laboratory centrifuge is a piece of laboratory equipment, driven by a motor, which spins liquid samples at high speed. There are two main sizes for laboratory centrifuges. The larger ones are known simply as centrifuges; samples are contained in centrifuge tips or
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fume hood or fume cupboard is a large piece of scientific equipment common to chemistry laboratories designed to limit a person's exposure to hazardous fumes. Fume hoods were originally manufactured from timber, but now epoxy coated mild steel is the main construction
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glovebox, also called a glove box, is a sealed container that is designed to allow one to manipulate objects while being in a different atmosphere from the object. Built into the sides of the glovebox are two gloves arranged in such a way that one can place his or her hands
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In microbiology, an incubator is a device for controlling the temperature, humidity, and other conditions in which a microbiological culture is being grown. The simplest incubators are insulated boxes with an adjustable heater, typically going up to 60 to 65 °C (140 to 150 °F),
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