Information about Sarcasm
Sarcasm[A|] is the sneering, jesting, or mocking of a person, situation or thing. It is strongly associated with irony, with some definitions classifying it as a type of verbal irony intended to insult or wound[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] — stating the opposite of the intended meaning, e.g. using "that's fantastic" to mean "that's awful".
It is used mostly in a humorous manner, and is expressed through vocal intonations such as over-emphasizing the actual statement or particular words. Use of sarcasm is sometimes viewed as an expression of concealed anger,[8] annoyance and/or ignorance.
Fyodor Dostoyevsky defined sarcasm as "the last refuge of modest and chaste-souled people when the privacy of their soul is coarsely and intrusively invaded."[9]
Writers in the UK and some other countries have adopted the use of (!) (An exclamation mark in parentheses) following speech in which sarcasm or irony is perceptible via the tone of voice, a punctuation mark which is very regularly seen in subtitles.
Whilst this happens it is not universally the case. For example, Shakespeare regularly used sarcasm as a literary tool to emphasize a point or joke and rarely ever used quotation marks or italics. This has been a recent development and is sign-posted as a dumbing down of literature by many within the British canon.
There is also a rapidly growing punctuation mark in the US that is the ^ symbol. This is derived from the raised eyebrow emoticon and is much easier to type than (!) or the sarcasm tag </sarcasm>.
In linguistics, intonation is the variation of pitch when speaking. Intonation and stress are two main elements of linguistic prosody.
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In linguistics, intonation is the variation of pitch when speaking. Intonation and stress are two main elements of linguistic prosody.
..... Click the link for more information.
It is used mostly in a humorous manner, and is expressed through vocal intonations such as over-emphasizing the actual statement or particular words. Use of sarcasm is sometimes viewed as an expression of concealed anger,[8] annoyance and/or ignorance.
Fyodor Dostoyevsky defined sarcasm as "the last refuge of modest and chaste-souled people when the privacy of their soul is coarsely and intrusively invaded."[9]
Sarcasm in verbal communication
As the vocal intonations used to express sarcasm are subtle, the use of sarcasm to express thoughts that are not obviously ironic may lead to confusion. This is especially true where there are differences in accent or experience with the language in use. The use of sarcasm in language differs between countries.Sarcasm in written communication
Because it is vocally oriented, sarcasm can be difficult to grasp in written form and is easily misinterpreted. To prevent this some people emphasize words with italics, bold, capitalization, and/or underlining (e.g. that’s just great); sarcastic comments on the Internet with an emoticon; or surround them with a made-up markup language tag, e.g. *sarcasm*, <sarcasm> or <snicker>.Writers in the UK and some other countries have adopted the use of (!) (An exclamation mark in parentheses) following speech in which sarcasm or irony is perceptible via the tone of voice, a punctuation mark which is very regularly seen in subtitles.
Whilst this happens it is not universally the case. For example, Shakespeare regularly used sarcasm as a literary tool to emphasize a point or joke and rarely ever used quotation marks or italics. This has been a recent development and is sign-posted as a dumbing down of literature by many within the British canon.
There is also a rapidly growing punctuation mark in the US that is the ^ symbol. This is derived from the raised eyebrow emoticon and is much easier to type than (!) or the sarcasm tag </sarcasm>.
Examples
- When something bad has happened: "this is just great", or "that was just perfect".
- In response to a bad joke: "that's just so funny", or obviously feigned (and often weak) laughter-"Ha. Ha. Ha. NO."
- When a boring statement has been made: "Wow, great!"
- When someone has thoroughly botched something: "Great job!" or "Congratulations!"
- When somebody states the obvious, saying something that everybody knew already: "Did you figure that out on your own?" or "Did you figure that out just now?"
Notes
A^ "Sarcasm" appeared in English in 1579, from Late Latin "sarcasmos," in turn from Hellenistic or Medieval Greek "sarkasmos," and ancient Greek σαρκάζω (sarkazo, meaning 'to tear flesh'). (In ancient Greek the word for this idea was instead χλευασμός). Irony is closely associated with sarcasm, although Socrates, considered the father of dissembling irony, was not sarcastic.
Citations
External links
- Sarcasm Society - Sarcasm Tutorial
- BBC News Magazine - The rules of sarcasm
- Sydney Morning Herald - Sarcasm is the lowest form of wit
- APA - The Neuroatomical Basis of Understanding Sarcasm and Its Relationship to Social Cognition
A sneer is a scornful facial expression characterized by a slight raising of one corner of the upper lip.
It is used to express contempt and a sneer can be a facial expression, sound, or statement.
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It is used to express contempt and a sneer can be a facial expression, sound, or statement.
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Irony is a literary or rhetorical device, in which there is a gap or incongruity between what a speaker or a writer says and what is generally understood (either at the time, or in the later context of history).
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Humour or humor (see spelling differences) is the ability or quality of people, objects, or situations to evoke feelings of amusement in other people. The term encompasses a form of entertainment or human communication which evokes such feelings, or which makes people laugh
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Not to be confused with inflection.
In linguistics, intonation is the variation of pitch when speaking. Intonation and stress are two main elements of linguistic prosody.
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original research or unverifiable claims.
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Fyodor Dostoevsky
Born: November 11 1821
Moscow, Russian Empire
Died: January 9 1881 (aged 61)
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Occupation: Novelist
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Born: November 11 1821
Moscow, Russian Empire
Died: January 9 1881 (aged 61)
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Occupation: Novelist
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Not to be confused with inflection.
In linguistics, intonation is the variation of pitch when speaking. Intonation and stress are two main elements of linguistic prosody.
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In typography, italic type refers to cursive typefaces based on a stylized form of calligraphic handwriting. The influence from calligraphy can be seen in their usual slight slanting to the right.
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Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible series of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government
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emoticon is a symbol or combination of symbols used to convey emotional content in written or message form. Some examples of text-based emoticons include: :-) :-( ;-)
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History
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markup language provides a way to combine a text and extra information about it. The extra information, including structure, layout, or other information, is expressed using markup, which is typically intermingled with the primary text.
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Motto
"Dieu et mon droit" [2] (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
"God Save the Queen" [3]
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"Dieu et mon droit" [2] (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
"God Save the Queen" [3]
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exclamation mark or exclamation point is a punctuation mark: ! It is usually used after an interjection or exclamation to indicate strong feelings or high volume, and generally marks the end of a sentence.
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Irony is a literary or rhetorical device, in which there is a gap or incongruity between what a speaker or a writer says and what is generally understood (either at the time, or in the later context of history).
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Subtitles are textual versions of the dialog in films and television programs, usually displayed at the bottom of the screen. They can either be a form of written translation of a dialog in a foreign language, or a written rendering of the dialog in the same language—with or
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SOCRATES is the European Community action programme in the field of education. The second phase of the programme covers the period January 1 2000 to December 31 2006. It draws on the experiences of the first phase (1995-1999) building on the successful aspects of the programme,
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