Information about Rubrication
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Rubrication and illumination in the Malmesbury Bible from 1407
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Rubrication was one of several steps in the medieval process of manuscript making. Practitioners of rubrication, so-called rubricators, were specialized scribes who received text from the manuscript's original scribe and supplemented it with additional text in red ink for emphasis. The term rubrication comes from the Latin rubrico, "to color red".
The practice usually entailed the addition of red headings to mark the end of one section of text and the beginning of another. Such headings were sometimes used to introduce the subject of the following section or to declare its purpose and function. Rubrication was used so often in this regard that the term rubric was commonly used as a generic term for headers of any type or color, though it technically referred only to headers to which red ink had been added.
Rubrication may also be used to emphasize the starting character of a canto or other division of text. This particular type of rubrication is similar to flourishing, wherein red ink is used to style a leading character with artistic loops and swirls. However, this process is far less elaborate than illumination, in which detailed pictures are incorporated into the manuscript often set in thin sheets of gold to give the appearance of light within the text.
Quite commonly the manuscript's initial scribe would provide notes to the rubricator in the form of annotations made in the margins of the text. Such notes were effectively indications to "rubricate here" or "add rubric". In many other cases, the initial scribe also held the position of rubricator, and so he applied rubrication as needed without the use of annotations. This is important, as a scribe's annotations to the rubricator can be used along with codicology to establish a manuscript's history, or provenance.
Later medieval practitioners extended the practice of rubrication to include the use of other colors of ink besides red. Most often, alternative colors included blue and green.
External links
- Manuscript Studies: Decoration and Illumination
- Paging Through Medieval Lives
- The Making of a Manuscript
Middle Ages form the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three "ages": the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages and Modern Times.
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manuscript is any document that is written by hand, as opposed to being printed or reproduced in some other way. The term may also be used for information that is hand-recorded in other ways than writing, for example inscriptions that are chiselled upon a hard material or scratched
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scribe (or scrivener) is an ancient professional whose job involved learned reading and writing, especially within the Renaissance Age. This work usually involved secretarial and administrative duties such as taking of dictation and the keeping of business, judicial and
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An ink is a liquid containing various pigments and/or dyes used for coloring a surface to produce an image or text. Ink is used for drawing or writing with a pen or brush or quill. Thicker inks, in paste form, are used extensively in letterpress and lithographic printing.
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Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
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Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
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grapheme is the fundamental unit in written language. Graphemes include alphabetic letters, Chinese characters, numerals, punctuation marks, and all the individual symbols of any of the world's writing systems.
In a phonemic orthography, a grapheme corresponds to one phoneme.
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In a phonemic orthography, a grapheme corresponds to one phoneme.
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Canto may refer to:
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- Canto Software, a digital asset management software company
- Canto nuevo, a Latin American folk music style
- Canto fermo, the melody forming the basis of a polyphonic composition
- Bel canto, an operatic singing style
- Canto General
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illuminated manuscript is a manuscript in which the text is supplemented by the addition of decoration, such as decorated initials, borders and miniature illustrations. In the strictest definition of the term, an illuminated manuscript only refers to manuscripts decorated with gold
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GOLD refers to one of the following:
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- GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade).
- GOLD (parser) is an open source BNF parser.
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Light is electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength that is visible to the eye (visible light). In a scientific context, the word "light" is sometimes used to refer to the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
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Annotation is extra information asserted with a particular point in a document or other piece of information.
Most commonly this is used, for example, in draft documents, where another reader has written notes about the quality of a document at a certain point, "in the
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Most commonly this is used, for example, in draft documents, where another reader has written notes about the quality of a document at a certain point, "in the
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Margin may refer to:
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- Margin (economics)
- Margin (finance), a type of financial collateral used to cover credit risk
- Margin (typography), the white space that surrounds the content of a page
See also
- Gross margin
- Profit margin
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Codicology is the study of books as physical objects, especially manuscripts written on parchment in codex form. It is often referred to as 'the archaeology of the book', concerning itself with the materials (parchment, sometimes referred to as membrane or vellum, paper, pigments,
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Provenance is the origin or source from which something comes, and the history of subsequent owners (also known in some fields as chain of custody). The term is often used in the sense of place and time of manufacture, production or discovery.
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