Information about Retort
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A retort.
In industrial applications, a retort is an airtight vessel in which substances are heated for a chemical reaction producing gaseous products to be collected in a collection vessel or for further processing.
The chamber where a body is placed when being cremated is referred to as a retort.
It is related to alembic.
History
Retorts were widely used by alchemists, and images of retorts appear in many drawings and sketches of their laboratories. Before the advent of modern condensers, retorts were used by many prominent chemists, such as Antoine Lavoisier and Jöns Berzelius.Role in analytical chemistry
In laboratory use, due to advances in technology, especially the invention of the Liebig condenser, retorts have largely been rendered obsolete. However, some laboratory techniques that involve simple distillation and do not require sophisticated apparatuses may use a retort as a substitute for more complex distillation equipment.Laboratory Equipment | |
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| Equipment | Agar plate • Aspirator • Autoclave • Bunsen burner • Calorimeter • Colony counter • Colorimeter • Laboratory centrifuge • Fume hood • Glove box • Incubator • Homogenizer • Laminar flow cabinet • Magnetic stirrer • Microscope • Microtiter plate • Plate reader • Spectrophotometer • Stir bar • Thermometer • Vortex mixer • Static mixer |
| Glassware | Beaker • Boiling tube • Bchner funnel • Burette • Cold finger • Condenser • Conical measure • Crucible • Cuvette • Laboratory flasks (Erlenmeyer flask, Round-bottom flask, Florence flask, Volumetric flask, Bchner flask, Retort) • Gas syringe • Graduated cylinder • Glass tube • NMR tube • Pipette • Petri dish • Separating funnel • Soxhlet extractor • Test tube • Thistle tube • Watch glass |
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Distillation is a method of separating chemical substances based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation usually forms part of a larger chemical process, and is thus referred to as a unit operation.
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Dry distillation is the heating of solid materials to produce liquid or gaseous products (which may condense into solids). Dry distillation, however, is not a unit operation like distillation, but entails pyrolysis, i.e. decomposition of the solid.
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A sphere is a symmetrical geometrical object. In non-mathematical usage, the term is used to refer either to a round ball or to its two-dimensional surface. In mathematics, a sphere is the set of all points in three-dimensional space (R3
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Liquid is one of the four principal states of matter. A liquid is a fluid that can freely form a distinct surface at the boundaries of its bulk material.
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Characteristics
A liquid's shape is determined by, not confined to, the container it fills...... Click the link for more information.
Condensation is the change in matter of a substance to a denser phase, such as a gas (or vapor) to a liquid.[1] Condensation commonly occurs when a vapor is cooled to a liquid, but can also occur if a vapor is compressed (i.e.
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Cremation is the act of reducing a corpse to ashes by burning, generally in a crematorium furnace or crematory fire. In funerals, cremation can be an alternative funeral rite to the burial of a body in a grave.
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alembic (From Arabic,Al-ambiq الأنبيق ) is an alchemical still consisting of two retorts connected by a tube. Technically, the alembic is only the upper part (the capital or still-head
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In the history of science, alchemy (Arabic: الخيمياء, al-khimia) refers to both an early form of the investigation of nature and an early philosophical and spiritual discipline, both combining elements of chemistry,
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Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (August 26, 1743 – May 8, 1794), the father of modern chemistry [1], was a French nobleman prominent in the histories of chemistry, finance, biology, and economics.
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J. J. Berzelius
Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1779-1848)
Born 20 July 1779
Väversunda, Östergötland, Sweden
Died 7 July 1848
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Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1779-1848)
Born 20 July 1779
Väversunda, Östergötland, Sweden
Died 7 July 1848
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laboratory (informally, lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. The title of laboratory
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Laboratory techniques are the sum of procedures used on natural sciences such as chemistry, biology, physics in order to conduct an experiment, all of them follow scientific method; while some of them involves the use of complex laboratory equipment from laboratory glassware to
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agar plate is a sterile Petri dish that contains a growth medium (typically agar plus nutrients) used to culture microorganisms. Selective growth compounds may also be added to the media, such as antibiotics.
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aspirator, also called an ejector or filter pump, is a device that produces vacuum by means of the Venturi effect. In an aspirator, fluid (liquid or gaseous) flows through a tube which then narrows.
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autoclave is a pressurized device designed to heat aqueous solutions above their boiling point to achieve sterilization. It was invented by Charles Chamberland in 1879.[1] The term autoclave
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Bunsen burner is a common piece of laboratory equipment used for heating, sterilization, and combustion.
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History
A common misconception is that the Bunsen burner was invented by German chemist Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and Christian Schonbein...... Click the link for more information.
calorimeter is a device used for calorimetry, the science of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes as well as heat capacity. The word calorimeter is derived from the Latin word calor, meaning heat.
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colony counter is an instrument used to count colonies of bacteria or other microorganisms growing on an agar plate. Early counters were merely lighted surfaces on which the plate was placed, with the colonies marked off with a felt-tipped pen on the outer surface of the plate
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colorimeter is an instrument for determining the concentration of a particular compound in a preparation by comparing the intensity of colour in it with that of a standard (control) preparation of known concentration. This device used for colorimetry was invented by Jan Szczepanik.
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laboratory centrifuge is a piece of laboratory equipment, driven by a motor, which spins liquid samples at high speed. There are two main sizes for laboratory centrifuges. The larger ones are known simply as centrifuges; samples are contained in centrifuge tips or
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fume hood or fume cupboard is a large piece of scientific equipment common to chemistry laboratories designed to limit a person's exposure to hazardous fumes. Fume hoods were originally manufactured from timber, but now epoxy coated mild steel is the main construction
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glovebox, also called a glove box, is a sealed container that is designed to allow one to manipulate objects while being in a different atmosphere from the object. Built into the sides of the glovebox are two gloves arranged in such a way that one can place his or her hands
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In microbiology, an incubator is a device for controlling the temperature, humidity, and other conditions in which a microbiological culture is being grown. The simplest incubators are insulated boxes with an adjustable heater, typically going up to 60 to 65 °C (140 to 150 °F),
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A laboratory equipment for the homogenization of various types of material, such as tissue, plant, food, soil, and many others. Many different models have been developed using various physical technologies for the disruption.
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Laminar flow cabinet or laminar flow closet is a carefully enclosed bench designed to prevent contamination of semiconductor wafers, biological samples, or any particle sensitive device.
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magnetic stirrer is a type of laboratory equipment consisting of a rotating magnet or stationary electomagnets creating a rotating magnetic field. The stirrer is used to cause a stir bar, immersed in a liquid to be stirred, to spin very quickly, stirring it.
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A Microtiter plate or microplate is a flat plate with multiple "wells" used as small test tubes. The microplate has become a standard tool in analytical research and clinical diagnostic testing laboratories.
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Microplate Readers (also known as Plate readers) are laboratory instruments designed to detect biological, chemical or physical events of samples in microtiter plates. Sample reactions can be (assayed) in 6-1536 well format microtiter plates.
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