Information about Reproductive Endocrinology And Infertility
Reproductive endocrinology and infertility is a subspecialty of the specialty of obstetrics and gynecology dealing with infertility, fertility, contraception and the medicine and surgical procedures related to it. Subspecialists in this field are board certified in the subspecialty by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists or similar bodies in various countries. Full members of the Society of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (SREI) in the United States are board certified in this subspecialty.
The estrous cycle (also oestrous cycle; originally derived from Latin oestrus
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Endocrinology |
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Physiology, endocrinology, sex: Reproductive physiology and endocrinology | |
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| Menstrual cycle/Estrous cycle | Menstruation - Follicular phase - Ovulation - Luteal phase |
| Gametogenesis | Spermatogenesis -Oogenesis |
| Sexuality | Human sexual behavior - Sexual intercourse - Erection - Ejaculation - Orgasm - Insemination - Fertilisation/Fertility - Masturbation - Pregnancy - Postpartum period |
| Lifespan | Prenatal development - Sexual dimorphism - Sexual differentiation - Puberty (Menarche, Adrenarche) - Maternal age/Paternal age - Climacteric (Menopause, Andropause) |
| Eggs | Oviposition - Oviparity - Ovoviviparity - Viviparity |
Reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) is a surgical subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology that addresses hormonal functioning as it pertains to reproduction.
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Infertility primarily refers to the biological inability of a man or a woman to contribute to conception. Infertility may also refer to the state of a woman who is unable to carry a pregnancy to full term.
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A subspecialty is narrow field within a specialty such as forensic pathology, which is a subspecialty of anatomical pathology.
In medicine subspecialization is particularily common in internal medicine and has grown as medicine has:
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In medicine subspecialization is particularily common in internal medicine and has grown as medicine has:
- become more complex and
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Endocrinology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the endocrine system and its specific secretions called hormones.
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Function of endocrine organs, hormones and receptors
Hormones are molecules that act as signals from one type of cells to another...... Click the link for more information.
Pediatric endocrinology (British: Paediatric) is a medical subspecialty dealing with variations of physical growth and sexual development in childhood, as well as diabetes and other disorders of the endocrine glands.
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Neuroendocrinology is the study of the interactions between the nervous system and the endocrine system. The concept arose from the recognition that the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland was closely controlled by the brain, and especially by the hypothalamus.
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Reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) is a surgical subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology that addresses hormonal functioning as it pertains to reproduction.
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Calcium metabolism or calcium homeostasis is the mechanism by which the body maintains adequate calcium levels. Derangements of this mechanism lead to hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia, which both can have important consequences for health.
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Blood sugar regulation is the process by which the levels of blood sugar, primarily glucose, are maintained by the body.
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Mechanisms of blood sugar regulation
Blood sugar levels are regulated by negative feedback in order to keep the body in homeostasis...... Click the link for more information.
Endocrine glands are glands that secrete their product directly into the blood rather than through a duct. This group contains the glands of the Endocrine system.
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External links
- Endocrine+glands at eMedicine Dictionary
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Human physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of humans in good health, their organs, and the cells of which they are composed. The principal level of focus of physiology is at the level of organs and systems.
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Endocrinology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the endocrine system and its specific secretions called hormones.
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Function of endocrine organs, hormones and receptors
Hormones are molecules that act as signals from one type of cells to another...... Click the link for more information.
Sex refers to the male and female duality of biology and reproduction. Unlike organisms that only have the ability to reproduce asexually, sexed male and female pairs have the ability to produce offspring through meiosis and fertilization.
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Reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) is a surgical subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology that addresses hormonal functioning as it pertains to reproduction.
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The menstrual cycle is a recurring cycle of physiologic changes that occurs in the females of several mammals, including human beings and other apes.[1] Humans are the only species that has a menstrual cycle with concealed ovulation.
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- Oestrus is also the biological genus name of the gadfly.
The estrous cycle (also oestrous cycle; originally derived from Latin oestrus
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Menstruation is a phase of the menstrual cycle in which the uterine lining (endometrium) is shed. Menstrual cycles occur exclusively in humans and other apes.[1]
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The follicular phase (or proliferative phase) is the phase of the estrous cycle, (or, in humans and great apes, the menstrual cycle) during which follicles in the ovary mature. It ends with ovulation. The main hormone controlling this stage is estradiol.
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Ovulation is the process in the menstrual cycle by which a mature ovarian follicle ruptures and discharges an ovum (also known as an oocyte, female gamete, or casually, an egg) that participates in reproduction.
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The luteal phase (or secretory phase) is the latter phase of the estrous cycle in animals, and the menstrual cycle in humans and great apes. It begins with the formation of the corpus luteum and ends in either pregnancy or luteolysis.
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Gametogenesis is a process by which the diploid germ cells undergo a number of chromosomal and morphological changes to form mature haploid gametes. Depending on the biological life cycle of the organism, gametogenesis occurs by meiotic division of gametocytes into various gametes
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Spermatogenesis is the process by which male spermatogonia develop into mature spermatozoa. Spermatozoa are the mature male gametes, in many sexually reproducing organisms. Thus, spermatogenesis is the male version of gametogenesis.
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Oogenesis or rarely oögenesis is the creation of an ovum (egg cell). It is the female process of gametogenesis. It involves the various stages of immature ova.
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Oogenesis in mammals
In mammals, oogenesis occurs in the ovarian follicle of the ovary...... Click the link for more information.
- This article is about sexual practices (i.e., physical sex). Broader aspects of sexual behaviour such as social and psychological sexual issues are covered in related articles such as human sexuality, heterosexuality, and homosexuality.
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Sexual intercourse or copulation is the union of the sex organs of two sexually reproducing animals.[1] The two entities may be of opposite sexes, or they may be hermaphroditic, as is the case with snails.
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erection of the penis, clitoris or a nipple is its enlarged and firm state. It depends on a complex interaction of psychological, neural, vascular and endocrine factors. The term is also applied to the process that leads to this state.
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Ejaculation is the ejecting of semen from the penis, and is usually accompanied by orgasm. It is usually the result of sexual stimulation, which may include prostate stimulation. Rarely, it is due to prostatic disease.
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Insemination is the introduction of sperm into the female uterus of a mammal or the oviduct of an oviparous (egg-laying animal) during copulation with another animal.
Artificial insemination is when it is done by some means other than copulation.
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Artificial insemination is when it is done by some means other than copulation.
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Fertilization (also known as conception, fecundation and syngamy), is fusion of gametes to form a new organism of the same species. In animals, the process involves a sperm fusing with an ovum, which eventually leads to the development of an embryo.
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Fertility is the natural capability of giving life. As a measure, "Fertility Rate" is the number of children born per couple, person or population. This is different to fecundity, which is defined as the potential
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