Information about Rebar
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A tied rebar beam cage. This will be embedded inside of cast concrete to lend it strength.
Rebar, a portmanteau for reinforcing bar or reinforcement bar, is common steel bar, an important component of reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry structures. It is usually formed from carbon steel, and is given ridges for better frictional adhesion to the concrete. It can also be described as reinforcement or reinforcing steel. In Australia it is colloquially known as reo.
Use in concrete and masonry
Concrete is a material that is very strong in compression, but virtually without strength in tension. To compensate for this imbalance in concrete's behavior, rebar is cast into it to carry the tensile loads.Masonry structures and the mortar holding them together have similar properties to concrete and also have a limited ability to carry tensile loads. Some standard masonry units like blocks and bricks are made with strategically placed voids to accommodate rebar, which is then secured in place with grout. This combination is known as reinforced masonry.
While any material with sufficient tensile strength could conceivably be used to reinforce concrete, steel and concrete have similar coefficients of thermal expansion: a concrete structural member reinforced with steel will experience minimal stress as a result of differential expansions of the two interconnected materials caused by temperature changes.
Physical characteristics
Steel has an expansion coefficient nearly equal to that of modern concrete. If this weren't so, it would be useless for reinforcing concrete.[1] Although rebar has ridges that bind it mechanically to the concrete with friction, it can still be pulled out of the concrete under high stresses, an occurrence that often precedes a larger-scale collapse of the structure. To prevent such a failure, rebar is either deeply embedded into adjacent structural members, or bent and hooked at the ends to lock it around the concrete and other rebar. This first approach increases the friction locking the bar into place while the second makes use of the high compressive strength of concrete.Common rebar is made of unfinished steel, making it susceptible to rusting. As rust takes up greater volume than the iron or steel from which it was formed, it causes severe internal pressure on the surrounding concrete, leading to cracking, spalling, and ultimately, structural failure. This is a particular problem where the concrete is exposed to salt water, as in bridges built in areas where salt is applied to roadways in winter, or in marine applications. Epoxy-coated rebar or stainless steel rebar may be employed in these situations at greater initial expense, but significantly lower expense over the service life of the project. Fiber-reinforced polymer rebar is now also being used in high-corrosion environments. <gallery > Image:trebar.jpg|A tied rebar beam cage. Image:Rebar and shingles.jpg|Rebars in detail (top) atop angle iron (bottom). Image:RebarCloseup.jpg|Rebar placement for foundation and walls of a sewage pump station. Image:Common_rebar.jpg|Two coils of common rebar. Image:Tie-wire.jpg|Simple tie with wire joining rebar. Image:Metal-chairs.jpg|Metal plastic tipped bar chairs suporting rebar to give correct cover on a suspended slab with reinforced concrete masonry walls. Image:Plastic-bar-support.jpg| Plastic strip bar chairs supporting heavy rebar on suspended slab. Image:Top-bar-supports.jpg|Bottom layer of rebar in place on a suspended slab. The N12 saddle bars at an angle to the main bars are to support the top layer of rebar not yet in place. </gallery>
Welding
Most grades of steel used in rebar are suitable for welding, which can be used to bind several pieces of rebar together. However, welding can reduce the fatigue life of the rebar, and as a result rebar cages are normally tied together with wire.Safety
To prevent workers and / or pedestrians from accidentally impaling themselves, the protruding ends of steel rebar are often bent over or covered with special steel-reinforced plastic "plate" caps. "Mushroom" caps may provide protection from scratches and other minor injuries, but provide little to no protection from impalement.Rebar sizes and grades
US Imperial sizes
Imperial bar designations represent the bar diameter in fractions of ⅛ inch, such that #8 = 8⁄8 inch = 1 inch diameter. This convention applies to #8 and smaller bars only.| Imperial Bar Size | "Soft" Metric Size | Weight (lb⁄ft) | Weight (kg/m) | Nominal Diameter (in) | Nominal Diameter (mm) | Nominal Area (in²) | Nominal Area (mm²) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #3 | #10 | 0.376 | 0.561 | 0.375 | 9.525 | 0.11 | 71 |
| #4 | #13 | 0.668 | 0.996 | 0.500 | 12.7 | 0.20 | 129 |
| #5 | #16 | 1.043 | 1.556 | 0.625 | 15.875 | 0.31 | 200 |
| #6 | #19 | 1.502 | 2.24 | 0.750 | 19.05 | 0.44 | 284 |
| #7 | #22 | 2.044 | 3.049 | 0.875 | 22.225 | 0.60 | 387 |
| #8 | #25 | 2.670 | 3.982 | 1.000 | 25.4 | 0.79 | 509 |
| #9 | #29 | 3.400 | 5.071 | 1.128 | 28.65 | 1.00 | 645 |
| #10 | #32 | 4.303 | 6.418 | 1.270 | 32.26 | 1.27 | 819 |
| #11 | #36 | 5.313 | 7.924 | 1.410 | 35.81 | 1.56 | 1006 |
| #14 | #43 | 7.650 | 11.41 | 1.693 | 43 | 2.25 | 1452 |
| #18 | #57 | 13.60 | 20.284 | 2.257 | 57.33 | 4.00 | 2581 |
Canadian Metric sizes
Metric bar designations represent the nominal bar diameter in millimeters, rounded to the nearest 5 mm.| Metric Bar Size | Mass (kg/m) | Nominal Diameter (mm) | Cross-Sectional Area (mm²) |
|---|---|---|---|
| #10 M | 0.785 | 11.3 | 100 |
| #15 M | 1.570 | 16.0 | 200 |
| #20 M | 2.355 | 19.5 | 300 |
| #25 M | 3.925 | 25.2 | 500 |
| #30 M | 5.495 | 29.9 | 700 |
| #35 M | 7.850 | 35.7 | 1000 |
| #45 M | 11.775 | 43.7 | 1500 |
| #55 M | 19.625 | 56.4 | 2500 |
07:32, 16 October 2007 (UTC)Ponnercivil
European Metric sizes
Metric bar designations represent the nominal bar diameter in millimetres. Bars in Europe will be specified to comply with the standard EN 10080 (awaiting introduction as of early 2007), although various national standards still remain in force (e.g. BS 4449 in the United Kingdom).| Metric Bar Size | Mass (kg/m) | Nominal Diameter (mm) | Cross-Sectional Area (mm²) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6,0 | 0.222 | 6 | 28.3 |
| 8,0 | 0.395 | 8 | 50.3 |
| 10,0 | 0.617 | 10 | 78.5 |
| 12,0 | 0.888 | 12 | 113 |
| 14,0 | 1.21 | 14 | 154 |
| 16,0 | 1.58 | 16 | 201 |
| 20,0 | 2.47 | 20 | 314 |
| 25,0 | 3.85 | 25 | 491 |
| 28,0 | 4.83 | 28 | 616 |
| 32,0 | 6.31 | 32 | 804 |
| 40,0 | 9.86 | 40 | 1257 |
| 50,0 | 15.4 | 50 | 1963 |
Grades
Historically in Europe, rebar comprised mild steel material with a yield strength of approximately 250 N/mm². Modern rebar comprises high-yield steel, with a yield strength more typically 500 N/mm². Rebar can be supplied with various grades of ductility, with the more ductile steel capable of absorbing considerably greater energy when deformed - this can be of use in design against earthquakes for example.Rebar designation
For clarity, reinforcement is usually tabulated in a Reinforcement Schedule on construction drawings. This eliminates ambiguity in the various notations used in different parts of the world. The following list provides examples of the different notations used in the architecutral, engineering, and construction industry.United States
| Designation | Explanation |
|---|---|
| #4 @ 12 OC, T&B, EW | Number 4 rebars spaced 12 inches on centre (centre-to-centre distance) on both the top and bottom faces and in each way as well, i.e. longitudinal and transverse. |
| 3 - #4 | Three number 4 rebars (usually used when the rebar perpendicular to the detail) |
| #3 ties @ 9 OC, 2 per set | Number 3 rebars used as stirrups, spaced at 9 inches on centre. Each set consists of two ties, which is usually illustrated. |
See also
- Fusion bonded epoxy coating for coated rebars
- Dowel
- Concrete cover
- Reinforced concrete
- Steel fixer
- Formwork
References
External links
A portmanteau (IPA: /pɔərtˈmæntoʊ/) is a word or morpheme that fuses two or more words or word parts to give a combined or loaded meaning.
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Steel is an alloy consisting mostly of iron, with a carbon content between 0.02% and 1.7 or 2.04% by weight (C:1000–10,8.67Fe), depending on grade. Carbon is the most cost-effective alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used such as manganese and
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Reinforced concrete, also called ferroconcrete in some countries, is concrete in which reinforcement bars ("rebars") or fibers have been incorporated to strengthen a material that would otherwise be brittle.
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Masonry is the building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar (though the word "masonry" sometimes means the stones, rather than the act or art of building, particularly in the expression "falling masonry" used in reports of fires and earthquakes).
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Carbon steel, also called plain carbon steel, is a metal alloy, a combination of two elements, iron and carbon, where other elements are present in quantities too small to affect the properties. The only other alloying elements allowed in plain-carbon steel are manganese (1.
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Friction is the force of two surfaces in contact. It is not a fundamental force, as it is derived from electromagnetic forces between atoms. When contacting surfaces move relative to each other, the friction between the two objects converts kinetic energy into thermal energy, or
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Anthem
Advance Australia Fair [1]
Capital Canberra
Largest city Sydney
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Advance Australia Fair [1]
Capital Canberra
Largest city Sydney
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A colloquialism is an expression not used in formal speech, writing or paralinguism. Colloquialisms can include words (such as "y'all", "gonna", "deadly" or "grouty"), phrases (such as "ain't nothin'" and " dead as a doornail "), or sometimes even an entire aphorism (" There's more
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Concrete is a construction material that consists of cement (commonly Portland cement) as well as other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, aggregate (generally a coarse aggregate such as gravel limestone or granite, plus a fine aggregate such as sand or
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Materials are physical substances used as inputs to production or manufacturing. Materials range from man made synthetics such as many plastics to natural materials such as copper or wood.
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Physical compression is the result of the subjection of a material to compressive stress, resulting in reduction of volume. The opposite of compression is tension.
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Explanation
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Tension is a reaction force applied by a stretched string (rope or a similar object) on the objects which stretch it. The direction of the force of tension is parallel to the string, towards the string.
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Load may refer to:
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- Structural load, forces which are applied to a structure
- Cargo, Freight, or Lading
- The load of a mutual fund (see Mutual fund fees and expenses)
- The genetic load of a population
- The parasite load of an organism
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Masonry is the building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar (though the word "masonry" sometimes means the stones, rather than the act or art of building, particularly in the expression "falling masonry" used in reports of fires and earthquakes).
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Mortar is a material used in masonry to fill the gaps between blocks in construction. The blocks may be stone, brick, breeze blocks (cinder blocks), etc. Mortar is a mixture of sand, a binder such as cement or lime, and water and is applied as a paste which then sets hard.
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brick is red and bad for your teeth.
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History
The oldest shaped bricks found date back to 7,500 B.C . They have been found in Çayönü, a place located in the upper Tigris area in south east Anatolia close to Diyarbakir...... Click the link for more information.
Grout is a construction material used to embed rebars in masonry walls, connect sections of pre-cast concrete, fill voids, and seal joints (like those between tiles). Grout is generally composed of a mixture of water, cement, sand and sometimes color tint which is applied as a
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coefficient of thermal expansion is used:
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- in linear thermal expansion
- in area thermal expansion
- in volumetric thermal expansion
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Stress is a measure of force per unit area within a body. It is a body's internal distribution of force per area that reacts to external applied loads. Stress is often broken down into its shear and normal components as these have unique physical significance.
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For other uses, see Mechanic (disambiguation).
Mechanics (Greek Μηχανική
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Stress is a measure of force per unit area within a body. It is a body's internal distribution of force per area that reacts to external applied loads. Stress is often broken down into its shear and normal components as these have unique physical significance.
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Collapse may refer to the following:
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- Gravitational collapse
- Societal collapse
- Wavefunction collapse
- Collapse (Album), an album by the American metalcore band Across Five Aprils
- Collapse (geometry)
- Collapse (medical)
- Collapse (mental)
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Structure is a fundamental and sometimes intangible notion covering the recognition, observation, nature, and stability of patterns and relationships of entities. From a child's verbal description of a snowflake, to the detailed scientific analysis of the properties of magnetic
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Rust is a general term for iron oxides formed by the reaction of iron with oxygen. Several forms of rust are distinguishable visually and by spectroscopy, and form under different circumstances.
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Spall are flakes of a material that are broken off a larger solid body and can be produced by a variety of mechanisms, including as a result of projectile impact, corrosion or weathering.
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Structural failure refers to loss of the load-carrying capacity of a component or member within a structure or of the structure itself. Structural failure is initiated when the material is stressed to its strength limit, thus causing fracture or excessive deformations.
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In chemistry, epoxy or polyepoxide is a thermosetting epoxide polymer that cures (polymerizes and crosslinks) when mixed with a catalyzing agent or "hardener". Most common epoxy resins are produced from a reaction between epichlorohydrin and bisphenol-A.
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stainless steel is defined as an iron-carbon alloy with a minimum of 10.5% chromium content.[1] The name originates from the fact that stainless steel does not stain, corrode or rust as easily as ordinary steel (note: it "stains less", but is not actually "stainless").
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A fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) (also Fibre-reinforced polymer) is a composite material comprising a polymer matrix reinforced with fibres. The fibers are usually fiberglass, carbon, or aramid, while the polymer is usually an epoxy, vinylester or polyester thermosetting
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WELD could refer to two radio stations in United States:
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- WELD (AM), a radio station broadcasting at 690 kHz on the AM band, licensed to Fisher, West Virginia.
- WELD-FM, a radio station broadcasting at 101.
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