Information about Propylene Glycol
| Propylene glycol | ||
|---|---|---|
){kind=small} | ||
| IUPAC name | propane-1,2-diol | |
| Other names | propylene glycol | |
| Identifiers | ||
| CAS number | ||
| SMILES | CC(O)CO | |
| style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 C, 100 kPa) | |
Propylene glycol, known also by the systematic name propane-1,2-diol, is an organic compound (a diol alcohol), usually a tasteless, odorless, and colorless clear oily liquid that is hygroscopic and miscible with water, acetone, and chloroform.
Chirality
Propylene glycol contain an asymmetrical carbon atom, so it exist in two isomers. Commercial product is a racemic mixture. Pure optical isomers can be obtained by hydration of optically pure propylene oxide.[1]Production
Industrially propylene glycol is produced by propylene oxide hydration. Different manufacturers use non-catalytic high-temperature process or catalytic route with acid or alkali as a catalyst. Propylene glycol can also be converted from glycerol, a biodiesel byproduct.Applications
Propylene glycol is used:- As a moisturizer in medicines, cosmetics, food, toothpaste, mouth wash, and tobacco products
- As a medical and sexual lubricant (A.K.A. "personal lubricant")
- As an emulsification agent in Angostura and Orange bitters
- As a solvent for food colors and flavourings
- As a humectant food additive, labeled as E number E1520
- As a carrier in fragrance oils
- As a non-toxic antifreeze
- In smoke machines to make artificial smoke for use in firefighters' training and theatrical productions
- In electronic cigarettes to make the produced vapor better resemble cigarette smoke
- In hand sanitizers, antibacterial lotions, and saline solutions
- As a main ingredient in many cosmetic products, including baby wipes, bubble baths, deodorants, shampoos, and hair dyes
- As a base ingredient in aircraft deicing fluid and some automobile antifreezes
- In cryonics
- As a working fluid in hydraulic presses
- To regulate humidity in a cigar humidor
- As the killing and preserving agent in pitfall traps, usually used to capture ground beetles
- To treat livestock ketosis
Safety
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has determined that propylene glycol in or on cat food has not been shown by adequate scientific data to be safe for use. Use of propylene glycol in or on cat food causes the feed to be adulterated and in violation of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. 21CFR589.1001The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has determined propylene glycol to be "generally recognized as safe" for use in food, cosmetics, and medicines. Like ethylene glycol, propylene glycol affects the body's chemistry by increasing the amount of acid. Propylene glycol is metabolized into lactic acid, which occurs naturally as muscles are exercised, while ethylene glycol is metabolized into oxalic acid, which is toxic.
Post menopausal women who require the use of an estrogen cream may notice that brand name creams made with propylene glycol often create extreme, uncomfortable burning along the vulva and perianal area. In these cases, patients can request that a local compounding pharmacy make a "propylene glycol free" cream which is much more tolerable.
Patients with vulvodynia and interstitial cystitis may be especially sensitive to propylene glycol. Women struggling with yeast infections may also notice that some OTC creams can cause intense burning.[1]
References
1. ^ Elizabeth Vliet MD, Screaming To Be Heard: Hormonal Connections That Women Suspect and Doctors Ignore". M. Evans and Company, Inc. New York 1995
References
- Merck Index, 11th Edition, 7868
See also
External links
- ATSDR ToxFAQs™ for Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol
- Propylene Glycol info at DOW Chemical
- Propylene Glycol info at Scorecard.com
- Propylene Glycol - chemical product info: properties, production, applications.
IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. It is developed and kept up to date under the auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
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CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. They are also referred to as CAS numbers, CAS RNs or CAS #s.
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smiles
File extension:
Type of format: chemical file format
The simplified molecular input line entry specification or SMILES
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File extension:
.smiType of format: chemical file format
The simplified molecular input line entry specification or SMILES
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standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 kilopascals exactly). This pressure was changed from 1 atm (101.325 kilopascals) by IUPAC in 1990.[1] The standard state of a material can be defined at any given temperature, most commonly 25 degrees Celsius,
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organic compounds]] An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon; for historical reasons discussed below, a few types of compounds such as carbonates, carbon oxides and cyanides, as well as elemental carbon are
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A diol or glycol is a chemical compound containing two hydroxyl groups (-OH groups). Vicinal diols have hydroxyl groups attached to adjacent atoms. Examples of vicinal diol compounds are ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.
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alcohol is any organic compound in which a hydroxyl group (-OH) is bound to a carbon atom of an alkyl or substituted alkyl group. The general formula for a simple acyclic alcohol is CnH2n+1OH.
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Hygroscopy is the ability of a substance to attract water molecules from the surrounding environment through either absorption or adsorption.
Hygroscopic substances include honey, glycerin, ethanol, methanol, concentrated sulfuric acid, methamphetamine, and concentrated
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Hygroscopic substances include honey, glycerin, ethanol, methanol, concentrated sulfuric acid, methamphetamine, and concentrated
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Miscibility is a term in chemistry that refers to the property of liquids to mix in all proportions, forming a homogeneous solution. In principle, the term applies also to other phases (solids and gases), but the main focus on the solubility of one liquid in another.
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Water is a common chemical substance that is essential to all known forms of life.[1] In typical usage, water refers only to its liquid form or state, but the substance also has a solid state, ice, and a gaseous state, water vapor.
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The chemical compound acetone (also known as propanone, dimethyl ketone, 2-propanone, propan-2-one and β-ketopropane) is the simplest representative of the ketones.
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Chloroform, also known as trichloromethane and methyl trichloride, is a chemical compound with formula CHCl3. It does not undergo combustion in air, although it will burn when mixed with more flammable substances.
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In chemistry, isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula and often with the same kinds of chemical bonds between atoms, but in which the atoms are arranged differently (analogous to a chemical anagram).
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In chemistry, a racemic mixture is one that has equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule.
The first known racemic mixture, or racemate
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The first known racemic mixture, or racemate
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Propylene oxide is a highly toxic flammable chemical compound. It is an epoxide having a molecular formula C3H6O.
Propylene oxide has a single chiral center, and thus exists as a pair of enantiomers.
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Propylene oxide has a single chiral center, and thus exists as a pair of enantiomers.
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Glycerol is a chemical compound with the formula HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH. This colorless, odorless, viscous liquid is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations.
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Biodiesel refers to a diesel-equivalent processed fuel derived from biological sources (such as vegetable oils) which can be used in unmodified diesel-engine vehicles. It is distinguished from the straight vegetable oils (SVO) or waste vegetable oils (WVO) used as fuels in some
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Moisturizers or moisturisers (see spelling differences) are complex mixtures of chemical agents specially designed to make the external layers of the skin (epidermis) softer and more pliable, by increasing its hydration (water content).
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A medication, medicine or drug is any substance or combination of substances administered to human beings or animals to treat or prevent disease; alternatively to assist in medical diagnosis.
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Cosmetics ( pronunciation: cosmetic ) are substances used to enhance or protect the appearance or odor of the human body.
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Food is any substance, usually composed primarily of carbohydrates, fats, water and/or proteins, that can be eaten or drunk by an animal or human being for nutrition or pleasure.
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Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice used to clean and improve the aesthetic appearance and health of teeth. It is almost always used in conjunction with a toothbrush. Toothpaste use can promote good oral hygiene: it can aid in the removal of dental plaque and food from the
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Mouthwash or mouth rinse is a product used for oral hygiene. Antiseptic and anti-plaque mouth rinse claims to kill the germs that cause plaque, gingivitis, and bad breath. Anti-cavity mouth rinse uses fluoride to protect against tooth decay.
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Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana.
Tobacco has been growing on the American Continent since about 6000 BC and began being used by native cultures at about 3000 BC.
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Tobacco has been growing on the American Continent since about 6000 BC and began being used by native cultures at about 3000 BC.
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A lubricant (colloquially, lube) is a substance (often a liquid) introduced between two moving surfaces to reduce the friction and wear between them. A lubricant provides a protective film which allows for two touching surfaces to be separated, thus lessening the friction
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emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible (unblendable) substances. One substance (the dispersed phase) is dispersed in the other (the continuous phase). Examples of emulsions include butter and margarine, espresso, mayonnaise, the photo-sensitive side of photographic film, and
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Angostura may refer to
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- Things
- Angostura (genus), a plant genus in the Rutaceae family
- Angostura bitters
- House of Angostura, a company manufacturing angostura bitters.
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bitters is a preparation of herbs and citrus dissolved in alcohol or glycerine with a bitter or bittersweet flavor. The various brands of bitters, once numerous, were formerly manufactured as patent medicines, often serving as digestifs.
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A solvent is a liquid that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution. The most common solvent in everyday life is water. Most other commonly-used solvents are organic (carbon-containing) chemicals. These are called organic solvents.
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