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Information about Projects

For Wikipedian Projects, see Wikipedia:WikiProject. For all other uses, see Project (disambiguation).


A project is a temporary endeavour undertaken to create a product or service[1].

Origin

The word project comes from the Latin word projectum from projicere, "to throw something forwards" which in turn comes from pro-, which denotes something that precedes the action of the next part of the word in time (paralleling the Greek πρό) and jacere, "to throw". The word "project" thus actually originally meant "something that comes before anything else is done". When the word was initially adopted, it referred to a plan of something, not to the act of actually carrying this plan out. Something performed in accordance with a project was called an object. This use of "project" changed in the 1950s when several techniques for project management were introduced. With this advent the word slightly changed meaning to cover both projects and objects. However in certain projects there may still exist so called objects and object leaders.

Characteristics

  • Temporary means that any project will have a start date and end date (but it has nothing to do with short duration).
  • Projects are characterized by progressive elaboration: due to uniqueness and greater uncertainty projects cannot be understood entirely at or before project start, and therefore planning and execution of projects is happening many times in separate steps or phases. As project progresses, project team understands next steps, deliverables and way of execution much better. Based on this knowledge team members elaborate initial draft plans, and execute next phase of the project based on these detailed plans.
Projects differ from operations, because operations are continuous and repeating (projects are temporary), and operations deliver the same or almost the same results (project results are in contrast unique).

A project usually needs resources to deliver its results. Most of the time project execution is based on detailed plan, which considers also external factors and constraints. Planning, execution and controlling of project is the primary field of project management. For major projects it is necessary sometimes to set up a special temporary organization, consisting of a project team and one or more work teams.

Major projects can be divided into subprojects, and program denotes collection of related projects. Typically, collaboration between project team members is needed for a successful outcome.

Advantages

Project based approach is particularly liked by Western business, which are characterized by a modern matrix organization and a cooperative culture. In case of authoritarian, bureaucratic organizations with rigid, hierarchical structure project based work is less popular, or does not work as expected due to the conflict between different cultures.

Notable projects

See also

External links

References

1. ^ A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide), Third Edition, Project Management Institute.
Project may refer to may refer to:
  • Project, a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service.
  • Public housing, often referred to as housing projects in the United States.

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Aspinwall Classification System (Leo Aspinwall, 1958) classifies and rates products based on five variables:
  1. Replacement rate (How frequently is the product repurchased?)
  2. Gross margin (How much profit is obtained from each product?)

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Service can refer to:
  • Public services, services carried out with the aim of providing a public good
  • A penetrant, as defined by a building code
  • Service (Systems Architecture), the provision of a discrete business or technology function within a systems environment; i.

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Latin}}} 
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
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Greek}}} 
Writing system: Greek alphabet 
Official status
Official language of:  Greece
 Cyprus
 European Union
recognised as minority language in parts of:
 European Union
 Italy
 Turkey
Regulated by:
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An objective or goal is a personal or organizational desired end point in development. It is usually endeavoured to be reached in finite time by setting deadlines.

Goal setting

Goal Setting involves setting specific, measurable and time targeted objectives.
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Project management is the discipline of organizing and managing resources (e.g. people) in such a way that the project is completed within defined scope, quality, time and cost constraints.
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The word leadership can refer to:
  1. The process of leading.
  2. Those entities that perform one or more acts of leading.
  3. The ability to affect human behaviour so as to accomplish a mission designated by the leader

Terminology, usage and conceptual scope


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In economics, factors of production are resources used in the production of goods and services, including land, labor, and capital.

Land, labor, and capital

Resource in economics distinguish among such factors of production as:

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Constraint may refer to:
  • Constraint (mathematics)
  • Constraint algorithm (mechanics) such as SHAKE, or LINCS
  • Constraint (design)
  • Constraint (information theory)
  • Theory of Constraints, in business management
  • Constraint satisfaction, in computer science

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Project management is the discipline of organizing and managing resources (e.g. people) in such a way that the project is completed within defined scope, quality, time and cost constraints.
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An organization (or organisation — see spelling differences) is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals, which controls its own performance, and which has a boundary separating it from its environment.
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A project team is a team whose members usually belong to different groups, functions and are assigned to activities for the same project. A team can be divided into sub-teams according to need. Usually project teams are only used for a defined period of time.
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A program or programme (in management) has at least two senses:
  1. A collection of projects that is directed toward a common goal. (e.g. The NASA space program)
  2. A broad framework of goals to be achieved, serving as a basis to define and plan specific projects. (e.g.

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Matrix management is a type of organizational management in which people with similar skills are pooled for work assignments. For example, all engineers may be in one engineering department and report to an engineering manager, but these same engineers may be assigned to different
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This article or section is written like an .
Please help [ rewrite this article] from a neutral point of view.
Mark blatant advertising for , using . Organizational culture, or corporate culture
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Manhattan Project was the project to develop the first nuclear weapon (atomic bomb) during World War II by the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada. Formally designated as the Manhattan Engineer District (MED
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This page is protected from moves until disputes have been resolved on the .
The reason for its protection is listed on the protection policy page. The page may still be edited but cannot be moved until unprotected.
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The Polaris missile was a submarine-launched, two-stage solid-fuel nuclear-armed ballistic missile (SLBM) built during the Cold War by Lockheed for the United States Navy.
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intercontinental ballistic missile, or ICBM, is a long-range (greater than 5,500 km or 3,500 miles) ballistic missile typically designed for nuclear weapons delivery, that is, delivering one or more nuclear warheads.
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The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter.
Please help [ improve the introduction] to meet Wikipedia's layout standards.

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human genome is the genome of Homo sapiens, which is composed of 24 distinct pairs of chromosomes (22 autosomal + X + Y) with a total of approximately 3 billion DNA base pairs containing an estimated 20,000–25,000 genes.
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Apollo program was a human spaceflight program undertaken by NASA during the years 1961 – 1975 with the goal of conducting manned moon landing missions. John F. Kennedy announced this goal in 1961, and it was accomplished on July 20 1969 by Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin
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Moon  

The Moon as seen by an observer on Earth
Orbital characteristics
Periapsis: 363,104 km
0.0024 AU
Apoapsis: 405,696 km
0.0027 AU
Semi-major axis: 384,399 km
0.
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Association for Project Management (APM) is an independent organization for project management. It has over 15,000 individual and 400 corporate members in the United Kingdom and worldwide.
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A megaproject is an extremely large scale investment project. Altshuler and Luberoff (2003) define megaprojects as "initiatives that are physical, very expensive, and public.
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Process (lat. processus - movement) is a naturally occurring or designed sequence of changes of properties or attributes of an object or system[1][2][3][4][5][6][7].
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Cost overrun is defined as excess of actual cost over budget. Cost overrun is also sometimes called "cost escalation," "cost increase," or "budget overrun."

Cost overrun is common in infrastructure, building, and technology projects.
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The term Project governance is used in industry, especially in the information technology (IT) sector (see Information technology governance), to describe the processes that need to exist for a successful project. Project Governance is an active rather than just a controlling role.
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A program or programme (in management) has at least two senses:
  1. A collection of projects that is directed toward a common goal. (e.g. The NASA space program)
  2. A broad framework of goals to be achieved, serving as a basis to define and plan specific projects. (e.g.

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