Information about Progenitor Cell
The term progenitor cell is used in cell biology and developmental biology to refer to immature or undifferentiated cells, typically found in post-natal animals. While progenitor cells share many common features with stem cells, the term is far less restrictive.
Embryonic stem cells are true stem cells in that they are pluripotent and show unlimited capacity for self-renewal. In contrast, many cells termed adult stem cells would be better defined as progenitor cells, as their capacities for unlimited self renewal and plasticity have not been comprehensively demonstrated.
Upon tissue damage or injury, progenitor cells can be activated by growth factors or cytokines, leading to increased cell division important for the repair process.
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Satellite cells are mononuclear progenitor cells found in mature muscle between the basal lamina and sarcolemma.
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Progenitor cells versus Stem cells
Like stem cells, progenitor cells have a capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, although these properties may be limited.| Feature | Stem cell | Progenitor Cell |
|---|---|---|
| Self-renewal | Unlimited | Can be limited |
| Plasticity | Pluripotent | Unipotent or Multipotent |
Embryonic stem cells are true stem cells in that they are pluripotent and show unlimited capacity for self-renewal. In contrast, many cells termed adult stem cells would be better defined as progenitor cells, as their capacities for unlimited self renewal and plasticity have not been comprehensively demonstrated.
Function of Progenitor cells
The majority of progenitor cells lie dormant or possess little activity in the tissue in which they reside. They exhibit slow growth and their main role is to replace cells lost by normal attrition.Upon tissue damage or injury, progenitor cells can be activated by growth factors or cytokines, leading to increased cell division important for the repair process.
Examples of Progenitor cells
- Satellite cells found in muscle
- The transit-amplifying neural progenitors of the rostral migratory stream.
- Bone marrow stromal cells, although they are often classed as stem cells due to their high plasticity and potentially unlimited capacity for self renewal.
- Periosteum contains progenitor cells that develop into osteoblasts and chondroblasts.
Stem cells |
|---|
Sources: Embryonic stem cells | Adult stem cells | Cancer stem cells Related articles: Stem cell treatments | Stem cell controversy | Stem cell line | Progenitor cell | Cell differentiation |
Cell biology (also called cellular biology or formerly cytology, from the Greek kytos, "container") is an academic discipline that studies cells. This includes their physiological properties, their structure, the organelles they contain, interactions with
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Developmental Biology is the official journal of the Society for Developmental Biology. It publishes research on the mechanisms of development, differentiation, and growth in animals and plants at the molecular, cellular, and genetic levels.
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Stem cells are primal cells found in all multi-cellular organisms. They retain the ability to renew themselves through mitotic cell division and can differentiate into a diverse range of specialized cell types.
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Cell division is a process by which a cell, called the parent cell, divides into two cells, called daughter cells. Cell division is usually a small segment of a larger cell cycle. In meiosis however, a cell is permanently transformed and cannot divide again.
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Cellular differentiation is a concept from developmental biology describing the process by which cells acquire a "type". The morphology of a cell may change dramatically during differentiation, but the genetic material remains the same, with few exceptions.
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Pluripotency in the broad sense refers to "having more than one potential outcome". In biological systems, this can refer either to cells or to biological compounds.
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Pluripotent (cell biology)
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For the mathematical concept see unipotent.
In cell biology, a unipotent cell is one that has the capacity to develop/differentiate into only one type of tissue/cell type.[1] The most common of these in humans are skin cells...... Click the link for more information.
Multipotent progenitor cells can give rise to several other cell types, but those types are limited in number. An example of a multipotent stem cell is a hematopoietic cell — a blood stem cell that can develop into several types of blood cells, but cannot develop into brain
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Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of an early stage embryo known as a blastocyst. Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4-5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50-150 cells.
ES cells are pluripotent.
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ES cells are pluripotent.
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Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells found throughout the body that divide to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues. Also known as somatic (from Greek Σωματικóς, of the body
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Biological tissue is a collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism.
The study of tissue is known as histology, or, in connection with disease, histopathology.
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The study of tissue is known as histology, or, in connection with disease, histopathology.
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The term cell growth is used in two different ways in biology.
When used in the context of reproduction of living cells the phrase "cell growth" is shorthand for the idea of "growth in cell populations by means of cell reproduction.
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When used in the context of reproduction of living cells the phrase "cell growth" is shorthand for the idea of "growth in cell populations by means of cell reproduction.
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Injury is damage or harm caused to the structure or function of the body caused by an outside or force, which may be physical or chemical. Injury may also refer to injured feelings or reputation rather than injuries to the body.
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The term growth factor refers to a naturally occurring protein capable of stimulating cellular proliferation and cellular differentiation. Growth factors are important for regulating a variety of cellular processes.
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Cytokines are a group of proteins and peptides that are used in organisms as signaling compounds. These chemical signals are similar to hormones and neurotransmitters and are used to allow one cell to communicate with another.
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For the glial progenitor cells, see .
Satellite cells are mononuclear progenitor cells found in mature muscle between the basal lamina and sarcolemma.
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Neurons (also known as neurones and nerve cells) are electrically excitable cells in the nervous system that process and transmit information. In vertebrate animals, neurons are the core components of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.
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The rostral migratory stream (RMS) or rostral migratory pathway is a pathway along which neuronal precursors that originated in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the brain migrate to reach the main olfactory bulb, where they differentiate into interneurons.
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Mesenchymal stem cells or MSCs are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types. Cell types that MSCs have been shown to differentiate into in vitro or in vivo include osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, adipocytes, and, as described lately,
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The periosteum is a thin layer of dense, irregular connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of a bone in all places except at joints. (The outer surface of bone at joints is covered with "articular cartilage", a type of hyaline cartilage.
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An osteoblast (from the Greek words for "bone" and "germ" or embryonic) is a mononucleate cell that is responsible for bone formation. Osteoblasts produce osteoid, which is composed mainly of Type I collagen.
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A chondroblast is a cell which originates from a mesenchymal stem cell and forms chondrocytes, commonly known as cartilage cells.
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External links
- chondroblast at eMedicine Dictionary
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Stem cells are primal cells found in all multi-cellular organisms. They retain the ability to renew themselves through mitotic cell division and can differentiate into a diverse range of specialized cell types.
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Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of an early stage embryo known as a blastocyst. Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4-5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50-150 cells.
ES cells are pluripotent.
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ES cells are pluripotent.
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Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells found throughout the body that divide to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues. Also known as somatic (from Greek Σωματικóς, of the body
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Cancer stem cell hypothesis states that tumors arise from cells termed cancer stem cells that have properties of adult stem cells, particularly the abilities to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types, and that these cells persist in tumors as a distinct population
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Medical researchers believe that stem cell treatments have the potential to change the face of human disease and alleviate suffering. A number of stem cell treatments already exist, although most are still experimental and/or costly, with the notable exception of bone marrow
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There is widespread controversy over stem cell research largely due to techniques used in the creation and usage of human embryonic stem cells. Some opponents of the research argue that this practice is a slippery slope to reproductive cloning and fundamentally devalues the
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A stem cell line is a family of constantly-dividing cells, the product of a single parent group of stem cells. They are obtained from human or animal tissues and can replicate for long periods of time in vitro ("within glass"; or, commonly, "in the lab", in an artificial
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