Information about Post Exposure Prophylaxis
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is any prophylactic treatment started immediately after exposure to a disease (such as a disease-causing virus), in order to prevent the disease from breaking out.
PEP is commonly used, and very effective, to prevent the outbreak of rabies after a bite by a rabid animal. The treatment consists of repeated injections of rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin.
In the case of HIV infection, post-exposure prophylaxis is a course of antiretroviral drugs which is thought to reduce the risk of seroconversion after events with high risk of exposure to HIV (e.g. unprotected anal or vaginal sex, needlestick injuries, or sharing needles). To be effective, it must be started as soon as possible after exposure and ideally within an hour [1]. The treatment for HIV lasts four weeks [2].
While there is compelling data to suggest that PEP after HIV exposure is extremely effective, there have been cases where it has failed. The regimen can be very demanding and have unpleasant side effects including malaise, fatigue, diarrhoea, headaches, nausea and vomiting [3].
According to one Australian study, two thirds of people taking PEP experienced mild to moderate side effects and one quarter of people taking PEP experienced severe side effects.
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 B20-B24
ICD-9 042 - 044
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PEP is commonly used, and very effective, to prevent the outbreak of rabies after a bite by a rabid animal. The treatment consists of repeated injections of rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin.
In the case of HIV infection, post-exposure prophylaxis is a course of antiretroviral drugs which is thought to reduce the risk of seroconversion after events with high risk of exposure to HIV (e.g. unprotected anal or vaginal sex, needlestick injuries, or sharing needles). To be effective, it must be started as soon as possible after exposure and ideally within an hour [1]. The treatment for HIV lasts four weeks [2].
While there is compelling data to suggest that PEP after HIV exposure is extremely effective, there have been cases where it has failed. The regimen can be very demanding and have unpleasant side effects including malaise, fatigue, diarrhoea, headaches, nausea and vomiting [3].
According to one Australian study, two thirds of people taking PEP experienced mild to moderate side effects and one quarter of people taking PEP experienced severe side effects.
See also
- Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
Prophylaxis (Greek "προφύλαξις" to guard or prevent beforehand) is any medical or public health procedure whose purpose is to prevent, rather than treat or cure, disease.
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Rabies virus
Rabies
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 A 82. -
ICD-9 071
DiseasesDB 11148
MedlinePlus 001334
eMedicine med/1374 emerg/493 ped/1974
MeSH D011818
Rabies
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Rabies
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 A 82. -
ICD-9 071
DiseasesDB 11148
MedlinePlus 001334
eMedicine med/1374 emerg/493 ped/1974
MeSH D011818
Rabies
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A vaccine is an antigenic preparation used to establish immunity to a disease. The term derives from Edward Jenner's use of cowpox ("vacca" means cow in Latin), which, when administered to humans, provided them protection against smallpox, the work which Louis Pasteur and others
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Antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins) are proteins that are found in blood or other bodily fluids of vertebrates, and are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects, such as bacteria and viruses.
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- Human immunodeficiency virus 1
- Human immunodeficiency virus 2
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 B20-B24
ICD-9 042 - 044
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Antiretroviral drugs are medications for the treatment of infection by retroviruses, primarily HIV. Different classes of antiretroviral drugs act at different stages of the HIV life cycle.
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Seroconversion is the development of detectable specific antibodies to microorganisms in the serum as a result of infection or immunization. Serology (the testing for antibodies) is used to determine antibody positivity.
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Anal sex is a form of human sexual behavior. While there are many sexual acts involving the anus, anal cavity, sphincter valve and/or rectum, the term anal sex is often restricted to anal intercourse: the insertion of the erect penis into the rectum.
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Sexual intercourse or copulation is the union of the sex organs of two sexually reproducing animals.[1] The two entities may be of opposite sexes, or they may be hermaphroditic, as is the case with snails.
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Any piercing wound can be potentially classified as a needlestick injury, but the term is most frequently used in relation to healthcare workers. On occasion, when drawing blood, administering an intramuscular or intravenous drug, or performing other procedures involving sharps,
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Needle sharing is the colloquialism for the reuse of syringes by multiple illegal drug users to administer intravenous drugs, and is a primary vector for diseases which can be transmitted through blood, including hepatitis and AIDS.
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Malaise
Classifications and external resources
ICD-10 R 53.
ICD-9 780.7
Malaise is a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness, an "out of sorts" feeling, often the first indication of an infection or other disease.
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Classifications and external resources
ICD-10 R 53.
ICD-9 780.7
Malaise is a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness, an "out of sorts" feeling, often the first indication of an infection or other disease.
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Fatigue
Classifications and external resources
ICD-10 R 53.
ICD-9 780.7
DiseasesDB 30079
MedlinePlus 003088
MeSH D005221 The word fatigue
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Classifications and external resources
ICD-10 R 53.
ICD-9 780.7
DiseasesDB 30079
MedlinePlus 003088
MeSH D005221 The word fatigue
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MeSH D003967 Diarrhea (in American English) or diarrhoea (in British English) is a condition in which the sufferer has frequent watery, loose bowel movements (from the Greek word διάρροια; literally meaning "through-flowing").
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Headache
Classifications and external resources
ICD-10 R 51.
ICD-9 784.0
A headache (cephalgia in medical terminology) is a condition of pain in the head; sometimes neck or upper back pain may also be interpreted as a headache.
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Classifications and external resources
ICD-10 R 51.
ICD-9 784.0
A headache (cephalgia in medical terminology) is a condition of pain in the head; sometimes neck or upper back pain may also be interpreted as a headache.
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Nausea
Classifications and external resources
ICD-10 R 11.
ICD-9 787.0
Nausea (Latin: Nausea, Greek: Ναυτεία
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Classifications and external resources
ICD-10 R 11.
ICD-9 787.0
Nausea (Latin: Nausea, Greek: Ναυτεία
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Emesis redirects here. For the genus of metalmark butterflies, see Emesis (butterfly). Heaving redirects here. For the up-and-down motion, see heave.
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Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is the long-term use of a prophylactic treatment for a disease prior to exposure to the cause of that disease, so that the prophylactic treatment will already be in place when exposure occurs, and may either be able to prevent the disease from
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