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Information about Plantar Flexion

Plantarflexion is the movement which increases the angle between the foot and the leg, as when depressing an automobile pedal. The word "Plantar" translates as "toward the sole" ("Planta").

The movement in the opposite direction is Dorsiflexion.

The range of motion for Plantarflexion is usually indicated in the literature as 30° to 40°, but sometimes also 50°.

The nerves are primarily from S1 and S2.

Muscles

Primary muscles for Plantarflexion are:

External links





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Joints
Types of jointsAmphiarthrosis - Symphysis - Gomphosis - Synovial joint (Hinge joint, Pivot joint, Condyloid joint, Saddle joint, Ball and socket joint, Gliding joint)
TerminologyKinesiology - Anatomical terms of motion - Agonist/Antagonist
MotionsFlexion/Extension - Adduction/Abduction - Internal rotation/External rotation - Supination/Pronation - Plantarflexion/Dorsiflexion - Eversion/Inversion - Elevation/Depression - Protraction/Retraction
The foot is a biological structure found in many animals that is used for locomotion. In many animals with feet, the foot is a separate organ at the terminal part of the leg made up of one or more segments or bones, generally including claws or nails.
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A leg is the part of an animal's body that supports the rest of the animal above the ground between the ankle and the hip and is used for locomotion. The end of the leg furthest from the animal's body is often either modified or attached to another structure that is
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An automobile has usually three pedals. From left to right:
  • operated by the left foot:
  • clutch pedal (except in the case of automatic transmission)

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Dorsiflexion is the movement which decreases the angle between the foot and the leg. The movement moving in opposite directions is called Plantarflexion.

The range of motion for dorsiflexion is indicated in the literature as 20° to 30°.
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The five sacral nerves emerge from the sacrum. Although the vertebral components of the sacrum are fused into a single bone, the sacral vertebrae are still used to number the sacral nerves.
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The lateral compartment of the leg is supplied by the superficial peroneal nerve.

It contains the evertors of the foot (fibularis longus, fibularis brevis).[1]

References

1.

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In human anatomy, the peroneus longus (also known as fibularis longus) is a superficial muscle in the lateral compartment of the leg, and acts to evert and plantar flex the ankle.
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The peroneus brevis muscle (or fibularis brevis) lies under cover of the peroneus longus, and is a shorter and smaller muscle.

Origin and insertion

It arises from the lower two-thirds of the lateral surface of the body of the fibula; medial to the Peronæus longus;
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The posterior compartment of the leg is supplied by the tibial nerve.

It contains the plantar flexors:[1]
  • deep: popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
  • superficial/calf: gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris


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muscle is a powerful superficial muscle that is in the back part of the lower leg (the calf). It runs from its 2 heads just above the knee to the heel, and is involved in standing and walking. Along with the soleus muscle it forms the calf muscle.
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In humans and some other mammals, the soleus is a powerful muscle in the back part of the lower leg (the calf). It runs from just below the knee to the heel, and is involved in standing and walking.
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Plantaris is a vestigial structure and one of the superficial muscles of the posterior crural compartment of the leg.

It is innervated by the tibial nerve (S1, S2).
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The Flexor hallucis longus muscle (FHL) is a muscle of the leg. It is one of the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg. the other deep muscles of the leg are flexor digitorum longus and tibialis posterior. FHL is the largest and most powerful of these deep muscles.
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The Flexor digitorum longus is situated on the tibial side of the leg. At its origin it is thin and pointed, but it gradually increases in size as it descends.

Origin and insertion


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The Tibialis posterior is the most central of all the leg muscles.

It is the key stabilising muscle of the lower leg.

Origin and insertion

It originates on the inner posterior borders of the tibia and fibula.
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eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996 by Scott Plantz and Richard Lavely, two medical doctors. It was sold to WebMD in January 2006.
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Released October 31, 2007
Genre J-Pop
Length N/A
Label Geneon
Producer(s) I've Sound

Mami Kawada singles chronology

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(2007) JOINT
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Amphiarthroses is a type of continous joint. In Amphiarthroses (slightly movable articulations), the contiguous bony surfaces are either:
  • symphysis: connected by broad flattened disks of fibrocartilage, of a more or less complex structure, as in the articulations

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A symphysis is a fibrocartilaginous fusion between two bones. The more prominent symphyses are:
  • the pubic symphysis
  • the symphyses between the bones of the skull, most notably the mandible (symphysis menti)
  • sacrococcygeal symphysis

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Gomphosis is a synarthrosis (joint) that binds the teeth to bony sockets in the maxillary bone and mandible. The fibrous connection between a tooth and its socket is a periodontal ligament.
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Synovial joints (or diarthroses, or diarthroidal joints) are the most common and most moveable type of joints in the body. As with all other joints in the body, synovial joints achieve movement at the point of contact of the articulating bones.
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In the hinge joint (ginglymus), the articular surfaces are moulded to each other in such a manner as to permit motion only in one plane, forward and backward, the extent of motion at the same time being considerable.
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Pivot joint (trochoid joint, rotary joint): Where the movement is limited to rotation, the joint is formed by a pivot-like process turning within a ring, or a ring on a pivot, the ring being formed partly of bone, partly of ligament.
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In a condyloid joint (condyloid articulation, ellipsoidal joint) an ovoid articular surface, or condyle, is received into an elliptical cavity in such a manner as to permit of flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction, but no axial rotation.
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In a saddle joint (sellar joint, articulation by reciprocal reception) the opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave-convex.

The movements are the same as in a condyloid joint; that is to say, flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction are
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ball and socket joint (enarthrosis, spheroidal joint) is a joint in which the distal bone is capable of motion around an indefinite number of axes, which have one common center.
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A gliding joint (arthrodial joint, plane articulation) is a synovial joint which admits of only gliding movement.

Example

It is the form present in:
  • the joints between the articular processes of the vertebrae,

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Kinesiology is the scientific study of the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics of body movement, especially in humans. [1] The word kinesiology is derived the Greek "kinesis" (motion) + the suffix -ology or -logy from the greek "logos" or "logia"(meaning a field of study).
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hyper- is sometimes added to emphasize movement beyond the normal position, such as in hyperflexion or hyperextension. Such movements can put significant stress on the joints involved.
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Agonist is a kind of muscle that causes movement to occur. It creates the normal range of movement in a joint by contracting. Agonists are also referred to as "prime movers" since they are the muscles that are primarily responsible for generating movement.
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