Information about Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is a remote sensing technology in which geometric properties about objects are determined from photographic images. For example, the three-dimensional coordinates of points on an object are determined by measurements made in two or more photographic images taken from different positions (see stereoscopy).
Common points are identified on each image. A line of sight (or ray) can be constructed from the camera location to the point on the object. It is the intersection of these rays (triangulation) that determines the three-dimensional location of the point. More sophisticated algorithms can exploit other information about the scene that is known a priori, for example symmetries, in some cases allowing reconstructions of 3D coordinates from only one camera position.
Photogrammetry is used in different fields, such as topographic mapping, architecture, engineering, manufacturing, quality control, police investigation, and geology, as well as by archaeologists to quickly produce plans of large or complex sites. It is also used to combine live action with computer generated imagery in movie post-production; Fight Club is an excellent example of the use of photogrammetry in film.
Algorithms for photogrammetry typically express the problem as that of minimizing the sum of the squares of a set of errors. The minimization is itself often performed using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (also known as bundle adjustment).
Photogrammetry uses methods from many disciplines including optics and projective geometry. The data model on the right shows what type of information can go into and come out of photogrammetric methods.
The 3D co-ordinates define the locations of object points in the 3D space. The image co-ordinates define the locations of the object points' images on the film or an electronic imaging device. The exterior orientation of a camera defines its location in space and its view direction. The inner orientation defines the geometric parameters of the imaging process. This is primarily the focal length of the lens, but can also include the description of lens distortions. Further additional observations play an important role: With scale bars, basically a known distance of two points in space, or known fix points, the connection to the basic measuring units is created.
Each of the four main variables can be an input or a result of a photogrammetric method.
Common points are identified on each image. A line of sight (or ray) can be constructed from the camera location to the point on the object. It is the intersection of these rays (triangulation) that determines the three-dimensional location of the point. More sophisticated algorithms can exploit other information about the scene that is known a priori, for example symmetries, in some cases allowing reconstructions of 3D coordinates from only one camera position.
Photogrammetry is used in different fields, such as topographic mapping, architecture, engineering, manufacturing, quality control, police investigation, and geology, as well as by archaeologists to quickly produce plans of large or complex sites. It is also used to combine live action with computer generated imagery in movie post-production; Fight Club is an excellent example of the use of photogrammetry in film.
Algorithms for photogrammetry typically express the problem as that of minimizing the sum of the squares of a set of errors. The minimization is itself often performed using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (also known as bundle adjustment).
Photogrammetric methods
)
Wiora's data model of photogrammetry [1].
The 3D co-ordinates define the locations of object points in the 3D space. The image co-ordinates define the locations of the object points' images on the film or an electronic imaging device. The exterior orientation of a camera defines its location in space and its view direction. The inner orientation defines the geometric parameters of the imaging process. This is primarily the focal length of the lens, but can also include the description of lens distortions. Further additional observations play an important role: With scale bars, basically a known distance of two points in space, or known fix points, the connection to the basic measuring units is created.
Each of the four main variables can be an input or a result of a photogrammetric method.
See also
- Aerial Survey
- Land Surveying
- Geomatics engineering
- Videogrammetry
- Panoscan
- Socet set
- Leica
- Documenta Surveys
External links
- University College London Department of Geomatic Engineering
- University of Massachusetts Areial and Remote Sensing Laboratory
- International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
- American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
- Introduction to Photogrammetry from University of Vienna
- Aerial Photogrammetry and Close Range Photogrammetry Holland
- MATIS LABORATORY,IGN,FR
- BAE SYSTEMS Geospatial eXploitation Products
- http://www.cardinalsystems.net
- Leica Geosystems Geospatial Imagining
- http://www.DocumentaSurveys.com
- Caltech's Matlab Camera Calibration Toolbox (free for non-commercial)
- Intel's Open Sourced Computer Vision Library for c/c++
remote sensing is the short or large-scale acquisition of information of an object or phenomenon, by the use of either recording or real-time sensing device(s) that is not in physical or intimate contact with the object (such as by way of aircraft, spacecraft, satellite, buoy, or
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
coordinate system is a system for assigning an n-tuple of numbers or scalars to each point in an n-dimensional space. "Scalars" in many cases means real numbers, but, depending on context, can mean complex numbers or elements of some other commutative ring.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article or section needs sources or references that appear in reliable, third-party publications. Alone, primary sources and sources affiliated with the subject of this article are not sufficient for an accurate encyclopedia article.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
triangulation is the process of finding coordinates and distance to a point by calculating the length of one side of a triangle, given measurements of angles and sides of the triangle formed by that point and two other known reference points, using the law of sines.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
In mathematics, computing, linguistics, and related disciplines, an algorithm is a finite list of well-defined instructions for accomplishing some task that, given an initial state, will proceed through a well-defined series of successive states, eventually terminating in an
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
a priori" and "a posteriori" are used in philosophy to distinguish between deductive and inductive reasoning, respectively. Attempts to define clearly or explain a priori and a posteriori
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Symmetry in common usage generally conveys two primary meanings. The first is an imprecise sense of harmonious or aesthetically-pleasing proportionality and balance; such that it reflects beauty or perfection.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
topographic map is a type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines in modern mapping, but historically using a variety of methods.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. A wider definition often includes the design of the total built environment: from the macrolevel of town planning, urban design, and landscape architecture to the microlevel of construction details and,
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Engineering is the applied science of acquiring and applying knowledge to design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes. The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development, also known as ECPD,[1] (later ABET [2]
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand") is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale. The term may refer to a vast range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
'For the Jurassic 5 album, see Quality Control (album)'
In engineering and manufacturing, quality control and quality engineering are involved in developing systems to ensure products or services are designed and produced to meet or exceed customer requirements.
..... Click the link for more information.
In engineering and manufacturing, quality control and quality engineering are involved in developing systems to ensure products or services are designed and produced to meet or exceed customer requirements.
..... Click the link for more information.
Police are agents or agencies empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimate use of force. The term is most commonly associated with police departments of a state that are authorized to exercise the police power of that state within a
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Oceanic crust 0-20 Ma
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Aerial archaeology is the study of archaeological remains by examining them from altitude.
The advantages of gaining a good aerial view of the ground had been long appreciated by archaeologists as a high viewpoint permits a better appreciation of fine details and their
..... Click the link for more information.
The advantages of gaining a good aerial view of the ground had been long appreciated by archaeologists as a high viewpoint permits a better appreciation of fine details and their
..... Click the link for more information.
live action refers to works that are acted out by human actors, as opposed to animation. Live action is the norm in film and video, and thus the term is usually superfluous.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Computer-generated imagery (commonly abbreviated as CGI) is the application of the field of computer graphics (or more specifically, 3D computer graphics) to special effects in films, television programs, commercials, simulators and simulation generally, and printed media.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Post-production occurs in the making of audio recordings, films/movies, photography and digital art, videos and television programs. It is the general term for all stages of production occurring after the actual recording and ending with the completed work.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Official website
All Movie Guide profile
IMDb profile
Fight Club is a 1999 feature film adaptation of the 1996 novel Fight Club by Chuck Palahniuk, adapted by Jim Uhls and directed by David Fincher.
..... Click the link for more information.
All Movie Guide profile
IMDb profile
Fight Club is a 1999 feature film adaptation of the 1996 novel Fight Club by Chuck Palahniuk, adapted by Jim Uhls and directed by David Fincher.
..... Click the link for more information.
In mathematics and computing, the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (or LMA) provides a numerical solution to the problem of minimizing a function, generally nonlinear, over a space of parameters of the function.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Given a set of images depicting a number of 3D points from different viewpoints, bundle adjustment can be defined as the problem of simultaneously refining the 3D coordinates describing the scene geometry as well as the parameters of the relative motion and the optical
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Optics (ὀπτική appearance or look in Ancient Greek) is a branch of physics that describes the behavior and properties of light and the interaction of light with matter.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Projective geometry is a non-metrical form of geometry. First developed by Desargues in the 17th century, it did not achieve prominence as a field of mathematics until the early 19th century through the work of Poncelet and others.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Aerial survey is a geomatics method of collecting information by utilising aerial photography or from remote sensing imagery using other bands of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as infrared, gamma, or ultraviolet.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Surveying is the technique and science of accurately determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional space position of points and the distances and angles between them. These points are usually, but not exclusively, associated with positions on the surface of the Earth, and are
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Geomatics Engineering is a rapidly developing discipline that focuses on spatial information (i.e. information that has a location). The location is the primary factor used to integrate a very wide range of data for viewing and analysis.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Videogrammetry is a measurement technology in which the three-dimensional coordinates of points on an object are determined by measurements made in two or more video images taken from different angles.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Panoscan is a high resolution digital panoramic camera. The first Panoscan model MK-1 cameras were manufactured and sold starting in January 1999 by Panoscan Inc. in Los Angeles California.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
SOCET SET is a software application that performs a variety of functions related to photogrammetry. It is developed and published by BAE Systems. SOCET SET is notable because it was the first commercial digital photogrammetry software program.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Leica is the name of several cameras produced by a German company of the same name which started production in 1913. The company, formerly Ernst Leitz GmbH, is now three companies: Leica Camera AG, which produces cameras; Leica Geosystems AG which produces geodetic equipment; and
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.
Herod_Archelaus
