Information about Phosphatidylinositol
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Chemical structure of sn-1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl phosphatidylinositol
Composition
Phosphatidylinositol is a class of phospholipid, which is made up of glycerol, fatty acid and the base is replaced by a hexahydric alcohol namely inositol.This hexahydric alcohol exists as its stereoisomer - myo-inositol.
Upon hydrolysis, they yield 1 mole of glycerol, 2 moles of fatty acid, 1 mole of inositol and 1, 2, or 3 moles of phosphoric acids.
They are regarded to be the most acidic of all the phospholipids.
Phosphorylation
It is however the substrate for a large number of enzymes which are involved in cell signaling because it can be phosphorylated by a variety of kinases on the hydroxyl groups 3, 4 and 5 on the inositol ring in seven different combinations.Hydroxyl group two and six can probably not be phosphoroylated because of steric hindrance.
All seven variations have been found in animals but only six in plant cells (not phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate.[1].
References
1. ^ Muller-Roeber B, Pical C; , (2002). Inositol Phospholipid Metabolism in Arabidopsis. Characterized and Putative Isoforms of Inositol Phospholipid Kinase and Phosphoinositide-Specific Phospholipase C.
See also
- PI 3-kinase
- Inositol phosphate
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate
- Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate
- Phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate
- Phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bisphosphate
- Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate
- Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate
- Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate
- inositol pentakisphosphate
- inositol hexaphosphate
- inositol triphosphate receptor
Additional images
) | ) Phosphatidyl-inositol | ) | ) |
External links
Lipids: phospholipids | |
|---|---|
| Glycerol backbone (Glycerophospholipids/Phosphoglycerides) | Phosphatidylethanolamine/Cephalin - Phosphatidylcholine - Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine - Cardiolipin - Phosphatidylserine - Ether lipids (Plasmalogen, Platelet-activating factor) - Phosphatidylinositol - Glycophosphatidylinositol - PIP1 - PIP2 (3,4, 3,5, 4,5) - PIP3 |
| Sphingosine backbone | Sphingomyelin |
| Other | Phosphatidate |
U indicates the uncharged hydrophobic portion of the molecule, highlighted in blue.]]
Phospholipids are a class of lipids, and a major component of all biological membranes, along with glycolipids, cholesterol and proteins.
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Phospholipids are a class of lipids, and a major component of all biological membranes, along with glycolipids, cholesterol and proteins.
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Polymorphism in biophysics is the aspect of the behaviour of lipids that influences their long-range order, i.e. how they aggregate. This can be in the form of spheres of lipid molecules (micelles), pairs of layers that face one another (lamellar phase, observed in biological
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Glycerol is a chemical compound with the formula HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH. This colorless, odorless, viscous liquid is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations.
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Types of Fats in Food
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- Unsaturated fat
- Monounsaturated fat
- Polyunsaturated fat
- Trans fat
- Omega: 3, 6, 9
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Inositol, (of which the most prominent naturally-occurring form is myo-inositol, cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-cyclohexanehexol), is a carbocyclic polyol that plays an important role as the structural basis for a number of secondary messengers in
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Stereoisomers are isomeric molecules whose atomic connectivity is the same but whose atomic arrangement in space is different.
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Enantiomers
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Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid, is a mineral (inorganic) acid having the chemical formula H3PO4.
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In biology, signal transduction refers to any process by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another, most often involving ordered sequences of biochemical reactions inside the cell, that are carried out by enzymes, activated by second messengers resulting in
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Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO4) group to a protein molecule or a small molecule. Another way to define it would be the introduction of a phosphate group into an organic molecule.
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In chemistry and biochemistry, a kinase, alternatively known as a phosphotransferase, is a type of enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific target molecules (substrates); the process is termed phosphorylation
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Inositol, (of which the most prominent naturally-occurring form is myo-inositol, cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-cyclohexanehexol), is a carbocyclic polyol that plays an important role as the structural basis for a number of secondary messengers in
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Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI 3-kinases or PI3Ks) are a family of related enzymes that are capable of phosphorylating the 3 position hydroxyl group of the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns).
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Inositol phosphates are a group of mono- to polyphosphorylated inositols. They have important messaging functions in the cells.
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See also
- inositol monophosphate
- inositol trisphosphate
- inositol pentakisphosphate
- inositol hexaphosphate
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) is the product of both the class II and III phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI 3-kinases) activity on Phosphatidylinositol.
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Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) is a precursor of Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate. PtdIns4P is prevalent in the membrane of the Golgi apparatus.
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Phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2) is a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes, it is however an important second messenger.
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Phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2) is a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes, it however is important in distinguishing cell compartments.
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Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) is a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes. PtdIns(4,5)P2 is enriched at the plasma membrane where it is an important substrate for a number of important signaling proteins.
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Inositol trisphosphate or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (also commonly known as triphosphoinositol; abbreviated InsP3 or IP3
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Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) commonly abbreviated to PIP3 is the product of the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI 3-kinases) activity on phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate.
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Inositol pentakisphosphate (abbreviated IP5) is a molecule derived from Inositol tetrakisphosphate by adding a phosphate group with the help of the "Inositol polyphosphate multikinase" (IPMK). It is believed to be one of the many second messengers in the inositol phosphate family.
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Phytic acid (known as inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6), or phytate when in salt form) is the principal storage form of phosphorus in many plant tissues, especially bran and seeds.
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Identifiers
Symbol ITPR2
Entrez 3709
HUGO 6181
OMIM 600144
RefSeq NM_002223
UniProt Q14571
Other data
Locus Chr. 12 p11.23 Inositol triphosphate receptor (IP3R) is a membrane glycoprotein complex acting as Ca
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Symbol ITPR2
Entrez 3709
HUGO 6181
OMIM 600144
RefSeq NM_002223
UniProt Q14571
Other data
Locus Chr. 12 p11.23 Inositol triphosphate receptor (IP3R) is a membrane glycoprotein complex acting as Ca
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The three major classes of membrane lipids are phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol.
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Phospholipids
Phospholipids and glycolipids consist of two long, nonpolar (hydrophobic) hydrocarbon chains linked to a hydrophilic head group...... Click the link for more information.
Inositol, (of which the most prominent naturally-occurring form is myo-inositol, cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-cyclohexanehexol), is a carbocyclic polyol that plays an important role as the structural basis for a number of secondary messengers in
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Glycerol is a chemical compound with the formula HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH. This colorless, odorless, viscous liquid is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations.
..... Click the link for more information.
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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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Lipids can be broadly defined as any fat-soluble (hydrophobic), naturally-occurring molecules. The term is more-specifically used to refer to fatty-acids and their derivatives (including tri-, di-, and monoglycerides and phospholipids) as well as other fat-soluble sterol-containing
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U indicates the uncharged hydrophobic portion of the molecule, highlighted in blue.]]
Phospholipids are a class of lipids, and a major component of all biological membranes, along with glycolipids, cholesterol and proteins.
..... Click the link for more information.
Phospholipids are a class of lipids, and a major component of all biological membranes, along with glycolipids, cholesterol and proteins.
..... Click the link for more information.
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