Information about Phosphatidylcholine
Phosphatidylcholine or Polyenylphosphatidylcholine [1] is a phospholipid which is the major component of a phosphatide fraction which may be isolated from either egg yolk (in Greek lekithos - λεκιθος) or soy beans from which it is mechanically or chemically extracted using hexane.''
It is such a major component of lecithin, that in some contexts, the terms are sometime used as synonyms. However, lecithin extract consists of a mixture of phosphatidylcholine and other compounds. It is also used along with Sodium taurocholate for simulating fed and fasted state biorelevant media in dissolution studies of highly lipophilic drugs. Phosphatidylcholine is a major constituent of cell membranes.
Phospholipase D catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine to form phosphatidic acid (PA), releasing the soluble choline headgroup into the cytosol.
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It is such a major component of lecithin, that in some contexts, the terms are sometime used as synonyms. However, lecithin extract consists of a mixture of phosphatidylcholine and other compounds. It is also used along with Sodium taurocholate for simulating fed and fasted state biorelevant media in dissolution studies of highly lipophilic drugs. Phosphatidylcholine is a major constituent of cell membranes.
Phospholipase D catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine to form phosphatidic acid (PA), releasing the soluble choline headgroup into the cytosol.
See also
Additional images
) | ) Choline metabolism | ) | ) |
External links
Lipids: phospholipids | |
|---|---|
| Glycerol backbone (Glycerophospholipids/Phosphoglycerides) | Phosphatidylethanolamine/Cephalin - Phosphatidylcholine - Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine - Cardiolipin - Phosphatidylserine - Ether lipids (Plasmalogen, Platelet-activating factor) - Phosphatidylinositol - Glycophosphatidylinositol - PIP1 - PIP2 (3,4, 3,5, 4,5) - PIP3 |
| Sphingosine backbone | Sphingomyelin |
| Other | Phosphatidate |
U indicates the uncharged hydrophobic portion of the molecule, highlighted in blue.]]
Phospholipids are a class of lipids, and a major component of all biological membranes, along with glycolipids, cholesterol and proteins.
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Phospholipids are a class of lipids, and a major component of all biological membranes, along with glycolipids, cholesterol and proteins.
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egg yolk is the part of an egg which serves as the food source for the developing embryo inside. Prior to fertilization the yolk together with the germinal disc is a single cell. Mammalian embryos live off their yolk until they implant on the wall of the uterus.
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Greek}}}
Writing system: Greek alphabet
Official status
Official language of: Greece
Cyprus
European Union
recognised as minority language in parts of:
European Union
Italy
Turkey
Regulated by:
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Writing system: Greek alphabet
Official status
Official language of: Greece
Cyprus
European Union
recognised as minority language in parts of:
European Union
Italy
Turkey
Regulated by:
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G. max
Binomial name
Glycine max
(L.) Merr.
The soybean (U.S.) or soya bean (UK) (Glycine max) is a species of legume native to East Asia.
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Binomial name
Glycine max
(L.) Merr.
The soybean (U.S.) or soya bean (UK) (Glycine max) is a species of legume native to East Asia.
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Hexane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)4CH3. The "hex" prefix refers to its six carbons, while the "ane" ending indicates that its carbons are connected by single bonds.
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'' Lecithin is mostly a mixture of glycolipids, triglycerides, and phospholipids (e.g. phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol). However, in biochemistry, lecithin
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'' Lecithin is mostly a mixture of glycolipids, triglycerides, and phospholipids (e.g. phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol). However, in biochemistry, lecithin
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Taurocholic acid, known also as cholaic acid, cholyltaurine, or acidum cholatauricum, is a deliquescent yellowish crystalline bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats. It occurs as a sodium salt in the bile of mammals.
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Lipophilicity, fat-liking, refers to the ability of a chemical compound to dissolve in fats, oils, lipids, and non-polar solvents such as hexane or toluene.[1] These non-polar solvents are themselves lipophilic — the axiom that like dissolves like
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Identifiers
Symbol PLD2
Entrez 5338
HUGO 9068
OMIM 602384
RefSeq NM_002663
UniProt O14939
Other data
Locus Chr. 17 p13.3 There are two isoforms of Phospholipase D in the mammalian cell PLD1 and PLD2. PLD (EC 3.1.4.
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Symbol PLD2
Entrez 5338
HUGO 9068
OMIM 602384
RefSeq NM_002663
UniProt O14939
Other data
Locus Chr. 17 p13.3 There are two isoforms of Phospholipase D in the mammalian cell PLD1 and PLD2. PLD (EC 3.1.4.
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Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a common phospholipid that is a major constituent of cell membranes. Phosphatidic acid is the smallest of the phospholipids and may also be known as phosphatidate, the name of the anion of PA.
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Choline is an organic compound, classified as an essential nutrient[1][2][3] and usually grouped within the Vitamin B complex. This natural amine is found in the lipids that make up cell membranes and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
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Citicoline (INN, also known as cytidine diphosphate choline and cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine) is a psychostimulant/nootropic.
It is an intermediate in the generation of phosphatidylcholine from choline.
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It is an intermediate in the generation of phosphatidylcholine from choline.
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The three major classes of membrane lipids are phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol.
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Phospholipids
Phospholipids and glycolipids consist of two long, nonpolar (hydrophobic) hydrocarbon chains linked to a hydrophilic head group...... Click the link for more information.
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a common phospholipid that is a major constituent of cell membranes. Phosphatidic acid is the smallest of the phospholipids and may also be known as phosphatidate, the name of the anion of PA.
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Choline is an organic compound, classified as an essential nutrient[1][2][3] and usually grouped within the Vitamin B complex. This natural amine is found in the lipids that make up cell membranes and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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Lipids can be broadly defined as any fat-soluble (hydrophobic), naturally-occurring molecules. The term is more-specifically used to refer to fatty-acids and their derivatives (including tri-, di-, and monoglycerides and phospholipids) as well as other fat-soluble sterol-containing
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U indicates the uncharged hydrophobic portion of the molecule, highlighted in blue.]]
Phospholipids are a class of lipids, and a major component of all biological membranes, along with glycolipids, cholesterol and proteins.
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Phospholipids are a class of lipids, and a major component of all biological membranes, along with glycolipids, cholesterol and proteins.
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Glycerol is a chemical compound with the formula HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH. This colorless, odorless, viscous liquid is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations.
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Glycerophospholipids or phosphoglycerides are glycerol-based phospholipids. They are the main component of biological membranes.
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Structures
The term glycerophospholipid signifies any derivative of sn-glycero-3-phosphoric acid that contains at least one O-acyl, or..... Click the link for more information.
Phosphatidylethanolamine is a lipid found in biological membranes.
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See also
- Phosphatidyl ethanolamine methyltransferase
Additional images
membrane lipids
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Cephalin is a phospholipid, which is a lipid derivative. It is nopt to be confused with the molecule of the same name that is an alkaloid constituent of Ipecac.
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Function
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Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is a phospholipid and the major constituent of pulmonary surfactant.
It is also used for research purposes in studying liposomes, lipid bilayers, and model biological membranes.
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It is also used for research purposes in studying liposomes, lipid bilayers, and model biological membranes.
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Cardiolipin (bisphosphatidyl glycerol) is an important component of the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it constitutes about 20% of the total lipid.
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Function and structure
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Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a phospholipid nutrient found in fish, green leafy vegetables, soybeans and rice, and is essential for the normal functioning of neuronal cell membranes and activates Protein kinase C (PKC) which has been shown to be involved in memory function.
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Ether lipids are lipids in which one or more of the carbon atoms on glycerol is bonded to an alkyl chain via an ether linkage, as opposed to the usual ester linkage.
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Types
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plasmalogen is an ether lipid, with an ether-linked alkene (double bond next to the link), also known as vinyl-ether, at the sn-1 position of the glycerol.
The second carbon (sn-2) has a typical ester-linked fatty acid, and the third carbon usually has a phospholipid head
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The second carbon (sn-2) has a typical ester-linked fatty acid, and the third carbon usually has a phospholipid head
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A platelet-activating factor, also known as a PAF, PAF-acether or AGEPC (acetyl-glyceryl-ether-phosphorylcholine) is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leucocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.
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Phosphatidylinositol (abbreviated PtdIns, or PI) is a minor phospholipid component in the cytosolic side of eukaryotic cell membranes. Being an amphiphile, this molecule possesses polymorphic behaviour, that is currently a topic of research in current academic study.
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