Information about Phonolite
)
Phonolite, sometimes known as Clinkstone, is an igneous, volcanic (extrusive) rock, of intermediate (between felsic and mafic) composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture. Mineral assemblage is usually abundant feldspathoids and alkali feldspar, and lesser plagioclase, as illustrated by the position of the field for phonolite in the QAPF diagram. Biotite, amphibole and pyroxene are common accessory minerals. Quartz is absent, because alkalis are enriched relative to silica, as illustrated by the position of phonolite in the TAS classification.
Phonolite is a fine-grained equivalent of nepheline syenite, and the genesis of such magmas is discussed in the treatment of that rock type.
Some phonolite outcrops make a musical sound when struck -- hence the name.
See also
Igneous rocks (etymology from latin ignis, fire) are rocks formed by solidification of cooled magma (molten rock), with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Extrusive refers to the mode of igneous volcanic rock formation in which hot magma from inside the Earth flows out (extrudes) onto the surface as lava or explodes violently into the atmosphere to fall back as pyroclastics or tuff.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Balanced Rock stands in Garden of the Gods park in Colorado Springs, CO]] A rock is a naturally occurring aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids. The Earth's lithosphere is made of rock. In general rocks are of three types, namely, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Aphanite (from the Greek αφανης, invisible) is a name given to certain typically dark-coloured igneous rocks which are so fine-grained that their component mineral crystals are not detected by the unaided eye.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Porphyry is a variety of igneous rock consisting of large-grained crystals, such as feldspar or quartz, dispersed in a fine-grained feldspathic matrix or groundmass. The larger crystals are called phenocrysts.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The feldspathoids are a group of tectosilicate minerals which resemble feldspars but have a different structure and much lower silica content. They occur in rare and unusual types of igneous rocks.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Feldspar is the name of a group of rock-forming minerals which make up as much as 60% of the Earth's crust.[1]
Feldspars crystallize from magma in both intrusive and extrusive rocks, and they can also occur as compact minerals, as veins, and are also present in
..... Click the link for more information.
Feldspars crystallize from magma in both intrusive and extrusive rocks, and they can also occur as compact minerals, as veins, and are also present in
..... Click the link for more information.
Plagioclase is a very important series of tectosilicate minerals within the feldspar family. Rather than referring to a particular mineral with a specific chemical composition, plagioclase is a solid solution series, more properly known as the plagioclase feldspar
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
A QAPF diagram is a double triangle diagram which is used to classify igneous rocks based on mineralogic composition. The acronym, QAPF, stands for "Quartz, Alkali feldspar, Plagioclase, Feldspathoid (Foid)". These are the mineral groups used for classification in QAPF diagram.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Biotite is a common phyllosilicate mineral within the mica group, with the approximate chemical formula K(Mg, Fe)3AlSi3O10(F, OH)2.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Amphibole defines an important group of generally dark-colored rock-forming inosilicate minerals, composed of double chain SiO4 tetrahedra, linked at the vertices and generally containing ions of iron and/or magnesium in their structures.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The pyroxenes are a group of important rock-forming silicate minerals found in many igneous and metamorphic rocks. They share a common structure comprised of single chains of silica tetrahedra and they crystalise in the monoclinic and orthorhombic system.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Quartz (from German Quarz [1]) is the second most common mineral in the Earth's continental crust, feldspar being the first.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
silicon dioxide, also known as silica or silox (from the Latin "silex"), is the oxide of silicon, chemical formula SiO2, and has been known for its hardness since the 16th century.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
should be added to this article, to conform with Wikipedia's Manual of Style.
Please discuss this issue on the talk page.
This article has been tagged since May 2007.
..... Click the link for more information.
Please discuss this issue on the talk page.
This article has been tagged since May 2007.
..... Click the link for more information.
Nephelene syenite is a holocrystalline plutonic rock that consists largely of nepheline and alkali feldspar. The rocks are mostly pale colored, grey or pink, and in general appearance they are not unlike granites, but dark green varieties are also known.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.
Herod_Archelaus
