Information about Noncoding Dna
In genetics, non-coding DNA describes DNA which does not contain instructions for making proteins (or other cell products such as noncoding RNAs). In eukaryotes, a large percentage of many organisms' total genome sizes is comprised of noncoding DNA (a puzzle known as the "C-value enigma"). Some noncoding DNA is involved in regulating the activity of coding regions. However, much of this DNA has no known function and is sometimes referred to as "junk DNA".
Recent evidence suggests that "junk DNA" may in fact be employed by proteins created from coding DNA. An experiment concerning the relationship between introns and coded proteins provided evidence for a theory that "junk DNA" is just as important as coding DNA. This experiment consisted of damaging a portion of noncoding DNA in a plant which resulted in a significant change in the leaf structure because structural proteins depended on information contained in introns.
Some non-coding DNA can be a non phenotypical RNA virus historical relic.
Recent evidence suggests that "junk DNA" may in fact be employed by proteins created from coding DNA. An experiment concerning the relationship between introns and coded proteins provided evidence for a theory that "junk DNA" is just as important as coding DNA. This experiment consisted of damaging a portion of noncoding DNA in a plant which resulted in a significant change in the leaf structure because structural proteins depended on information contained in introns.
Some non-coding DNA can be a non phenotypical RNA virus historical relic.
See also
- Selfish DNA
- Eukaryotic chromosome fine structure
- Genetic code
- Intron
- Junk DNA
- Noncoding RNA
- Promoter
- Regulatory sequence
- Telomere
References
- Bennett, M.D. and I.J. Leitch (2005). "Genome size evolution in plants", in T.R. Gregory (ed.): The Evolution of the Genome. San Diego: Elsevier, 89-162.
- Gregory, T.R (2005). "Genome size evolution in animals", in T.R. Gregory (ed.): The Evolution of the Genome. San Diego: Elsevier.
External links
Genetics is the science of heredity and variation in living organisms.[1][2] Knowledge of the inheritance of characteristics has been implicitly used since prehistoric times for improving crop plants and animals through selective breeding.
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genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells.
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Proteins are large organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues.
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A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is any RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. A previously used synonym, particularly with bacteria, was small RNA (sRNA). However, some ncRNAs are very large (e.g. Xist).
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Genome size refers to the total amount of DNA contained within one copy of a genome. It is typically measured in terms of mass (in picograms, or trillionths [10^-12] of a gram [abbreviated pg], or less frequently in Daltons) or as the total number of nucleotide base pairs
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The C-value enigma or C-value paradox is a term used to describe the complex puzzle surrounding the extensive variation in nuclear genome size among eukaryotic species.
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A regulatory sequence (also called regulatory region or ~ element) is a promoter, enhancer or other segment of DNA where regulatory proteins such as transcription factors bind preferentially. They control gene expression and thus protein expression.
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In molecular biology, "junk" DNA is a collective label for the portions of the DNA sequence of a chromosome or a genome for which no function has yet been identified. About 80-90% of the human genome has been designated as "junk", including most sequences within introns and most
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In the scientific method, an experiment (Latin: ex- periri, "of (or from) trying") is a set of observations performed in the context of solving a particular problem or question, to support or falsify a hypothesis or research concerning phenomena.
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Introns, derived from the term "Intervening Sequences", are non-coding sections of DNA. Once this DNA section has been transcribed as a pre-mRNA sequence, the introns will be spliced out, then the mRNA will be translated into a protein.
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Selfish DNA refers to those sequences of DNA which, in their purest form, have two distinct properties: (1) the DNA sequence spreads by forming additional copies of itself within the genome; and (2) it makes no specific contribution to the reproductive success of its host organism.
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Eukaryotic chromosome fine structure refers to the structure of sequences for eukaryotic chromosomes. Some fine sequences are included in more than one class, so the classification listed is not intended to be completely separate.
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genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Introns, derived from the term "Intervening Sequences", are non-coding sections of DNA. Once this DNA section has been transcribed as a pre-mRNA sequence, the introns will be spliced out, then the mRNA will be translated into a protein.
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In molecular biology, "junk" DNA is a collective label for the portions of the DNA sequence of a chromosome or a genome for which no function has yet been identified. About 80-90% of the human genome has been designated as "junk", including most sequences within introns and most
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A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is any RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. A previously used synonym, particularly with bacteria, was small RNA (sRNA). However, some ncRNAs are very large (e.g. Xist).
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promoter is a regulatory region of DNA located upstream (towards the 5' region) of a gene, providing a control point for regulated gene transcription.
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Overview
The promoter contains specific DNA sequences that are recognized by proteins known as transcription factors...... Click the link for more information.
A regulatory sequence (also called regulatory region or ~ element) is a promoter, enhancer or other segment of DNA where regulatory proteins such as transcription factors bind preferentially. They control gene expression and thus protein expression.
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A telomere is a region of highly repetitive DNA at the end of a linear chromosome that functions as a disposable buffer. Every time linear chromosomes are replicated during late S phase, the DNA polymerase complex is incapable of replicating all the way to the end of the
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The Evolution of the Genome is a book edited by Dr. T. Ryan Gregory of the University of Guelph, in Guelph, Ontario, Canada, covering a wide range of topics in the study of genome evolution.
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The Evolution of the Genome is a book edited by Dr. T. Ryan Gregory of the University of Guelph, in Guelph, Ontario, Canada, covering a wide range of topics in the study of genome evolution.
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