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Information about Nebulette

nebulette
Identifiers
SymbolNEBL
Entrez10529
HUGO16932
OMIM605491
RefSeqNM_006393
UniProtO76041
Other data
LocusChr. 10 p12


Nebulette is an isoform of the protein nebulin. While nebulin (600-900 kDa) is expressed preferentially in skeletal muscle, nebulette (107 kDa) is expressed in cardiac muscle. Nebulette was identified in 1995 by Moncman and Wang using primary cultures of chicken embryonic cardiomyocytes by immunoprecipitations with certain anti-nebulin monoclonal antibodies.[1] Normal expression of nebulette is essential for the assembly and contractile function of myofibrils.[2]

References

1. ^ Moncman & Wang (1995). "Nebulette: a 107 kD nebulin-like protein in cardiac muscle". Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 32 (3): 205-25. PMID 8581976. 
2. ^ Moncman & Wang (2002). "Targeted disruption of nebulette protein expression alters cardiac myofibril assembly and function". Exp Cell Res 273 (2): 204-18. PMID 11822876. 

External links



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Histology: muscle tissue
skeletal muscle/generalepimysium, fascicle, perimysium, endomysium, muscle fiber (intrafusal, extrafusal), myofibril sarcomere (a, i, and h bands; z and m lines), myofilaments (thin filament/actin, thick filament/myosin, elastic filament/titin, nebulin), tropomyosin, troponin (T, C, I) costamere (dystrophin, α,β-dystrobrevin, syncoilin, synemin/desmuslin, dysbindin, sarcoglycan, dystroglycan, sarcospan), desmin neuromuscular junction, motor unit, muscle spindle, excitation-contraction coupling, sliding filament mechanism myoblast, satellite cell, sarcoplasm, sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, T-tubule
cardiac musclemyocardium, intercalated disc, nebulette
smooth musclecalmodulin, vascular smooth muscle
The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a powerful federated search engine, or web portal that allows users to search many discrete health sciences databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website.
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Hugo is a male given name, a latinized form of the name Hugh, a German/Teutonic name meaning "Bright in Mind and Spirit".

Hugo is one of the most popular names in Europe ranking as high as #2 in France, #6 in Spain, and #7 in Belgium in 2006.
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The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health. The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland and was founded in 1988.
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Swiss-Prot is a manually curated biological database of protein sequences. Swiss-Prot was created in 1986 by Amos Bairoch during his PhD and developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and the European Bioinformatics Institute.
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locus (plural loci) is a fixed position on a chromosome, such as the position of a gene or a biomarker (genetic marker). A variant of the DNA sequence at a given locus is called an allele. The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a genetic map.
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A protein isoform is a version of a protein with only small differences to another isoform of the same protein. Different forms of a protein may be produced from different but related genes, or may arise from the same gene by alternative splicing.
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Nebulin is an actin-binding protein which is localized to the I-band the sarcomeres in skeletal muscle. It is a very large protein (600-900 kDa) and binds as many as 200 actin monomers.
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Skeletal muscle is a type of striated muscle, usually attached to the skeleton. Skeletal muscles are used to create movement, by applying force to bones and joints; via contraction.
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'Cardiac muscle' is a type of involuntary striated muscle found within the heart. Its function is to "pump" blood through the circulatory system by contracting.
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'Cardiac muscle' is a type of involuntary striated muscle found within the heart. Its function is to "pump" blood through the circulatory system by contracting.
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Immunoprecipitation (IP) is the technique of precipitating an antigen out of solution using an antibody specific to that antigen. This process can be used to enrich a given protein to some degree of purity.
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Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are antibodies that are identical because they are produced by one type of immune cell that are all clones of a single parent cell.
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A muscle contraction (also known as a muscle twitch or simply twitch) occurs when a muscle fiber generates tension through the action of actin and myosin cross-bridge cycling. While under tension, the muscle may lengthen, shorten or remain the same.
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Myofibrils (obsolete term: sarcostyles) are cylindrical organelles, found within muscle cells. They are bundles of actomyosin filaments that run from one end of the cell to the other and are attached to the cell surface membrane at each end.
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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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Histology (from the Greek ἱστός) is the study of tissue sectioned as a thin slice, using a microtome. It can be described as microscopic anatomy.
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MUSCLE (multiple sequence comparison by log-expectation) is public domain, multiple sequence alignment software for protein and nucleotide sequences.
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Skeletal muscle is a type of striated muscle, usually attached to the skeleton. Skeletal muscles are used to create movement, by applying force to bones and joints; via contraction.
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Epimysium is a layer of connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It is continuous with fascia and other connective tissue wrappings of muscle including the endomysium, and perimysium.
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In anatomy, a fascicle is a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue.

Specialized muscle fibers in the heart which transmit electrical impulses from the Atrioventricular Node (AV Node) to the Purkinje Fibers are fascicles, also referred to as bundle
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Perimysium is a sheath of connective tissue which groups individual muscle fibers ( anywhere between 10 to 100 or more) into bundles or fascicles

See also

  • Endomysium

External links

  • Histology at cytochemistry.

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The endomysium, literally meaning within the muscle, is a layer of connective tissue that ensheaths a muscle fiber and is composed mostly from reticular fibers. It also contains capillaries, nerves and lymphatics.
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muscle fiber, also spelled muscle fibre (see spelling differences), also technically known as a myocyte, is a single cell of a muscle. Muscle fibers contain many myofibrils, the contractile unit of muscles.
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Intrafusal fibers are muscle fibers that comprise the muscle spindle. These fibers are walled off from the rest of the muscle by a collagen sheath. This sheath has a spindle or "fusiform" shape, hence the name "intrafusal.
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Extrafusal muscle fibers are a class of muscle fiber innervated by alpha motor neurons.

They are motor neurons and generate tension, mechanical work and allow for movement by contracting.
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Myofibrils (obsolete term: sarcostyles) are cylindrical organelles, found within muscle cells. They are bundles of actomyosin filaments that run from one end of the cell to the other and are attached to the cell surface membrane at each end.
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A sarcomere is the basic unit of a muscle's cross-striated myofibril. Sarcomeres are multi-protein complexes composed of three different filament systems.
  • The thick filament system is composed of myosin protein which is connected from the M-line to the Z-disc by Titin

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The filaments of myofibrils constructed from proteins, myofilaments, consist of 2 types, thick and thin. Thin filaments consist primarily of the protein actin; thick filaments consist primarily of the protein myosin.
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Actin is a globular structural, 42-47 kDa protein found in many eukaryotic cells, with concentrations of over 100 μM. It is also one of the most highly conserved proteins, differing by no more than 5% in species as diverse as algae and humans.
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Myosins are a large family of motor proteins found in eukaryotic tissues. They are responsible for actin-based motility.

Structure and Function

Domains

Most myosin molecules are composed of both a head and a tail domain.
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