Information about Natural Sounds

Natural sounds include animal sounds, possibly also sounds of other natural phenomena. They may have contributed to or participated in the development of prehistoric music, and have important cultural references even nowadays.

Animals

Warning sounds

These are sounds made by animals to warn others, of their species, of impending danger. Similar "warning" sounds are made by those of any unique species ir predator is approaching that species' territory, warning others to seek safety.

Territory sounds

These are sounds, calls, or audible signals made by any one species to its own or any other species, establishing boundaries so like or unlike species will not transgress those boundaries.

Male baboons make sounds heard for miles by other baboons, communicating to those other male baboons, the territory of that male baboon. The strength, volume, and timbre, inherent in that "call", determine whether or not rival males attempt to invade that male baboon's territory.

They do this to make them sound impresive and then to attract the female to them.

Courtship and/or mate attracting sounds

These are sounds made by the male baboon to attract females to his territory for courtship and mating. Again, the strength, quality, and timbre of those sounds, often determine the ability of that species to attract females for reproduction. These mating calls, often low and guttural, are the main criteria, used by the female baboon to determine which male she mates with.

Cultural references

Main article: Imitation of natural sounds in various cultures

The imitation of natural sounds in various cultures is a diverse phenomenon. and can fill in various functions. In several instances, it is related to the belief system, for example, imitation of natural sounds can be linked to various shamanistic beliefs or practice (e.g. yoiks of the Sami,^[1][2][3] some other shamanic songs and rituals,^[4][5][6][7] overtone singing of some cultures). It may serve also such practical goals as luring game in the hunt;^[8] or entertainment (katajjaqs of Inuit).^[9][10]

See also

• Animal communication
• Animal language
• Bioacoustics
• Bird song
• Whale song

External links

• The British Library Sound Archive has 150,000 recordings of over 10,000 species.
• International Bioacoustics Council links to many bioacoustics resources.
• Listen to Nature 400 examples of animal songs and calls
• Wildlife Sound Recording Society

Notes

References

• Deschênes, Bruno (2002). Inuit Throat-Singing. Musical Traditions. The Magazine for Traditional Music Throughout the World.
• Diószegi, Vilmos (1960). Sámánok nyomában Szibéria földjén. Egy néprajzi kutatóút története (in Hungarian). Budapest: Magvető Könyvkiadó.  The book has been translated to English: Diószegi, Vilmos (1968). Tracing shamans in Siberia. The story of an ethnographical research expedition, Translated from Hungarian by Anita Rajkay Babó, Oosterhout: Anthropological Publications. 
• Hoppál, Mihály (2005). Sámánok Eurázsiában (in Hungarian). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. ISBN 963-05-8295-3.  The title means “Shamans in Eurasia”, the book is published also in German, Estonian and Finnish. Site of publisher with short description on the book (in Hungarian).
• Hoppál, Mihály (2006). "Music of Shamanic Healing", in Gerhard Kilger: Macht Musik. Musik als Glück und Nutzen für das Leben. Köln: Wienand Verlag. ISBN 3879098654. 
• Lintrop, Aarno. The Clean Tent Rite. Studies in Siberian shamanism and religions of the Finno-Ugric peoples.
• id="CITEREFNattiez">Nattiez, Jean Jacques, Inuit Games and Songs • Chants et Jeux des Inuit, Musiques & musiciens du monde • Musics & musicians of the world, Montreal: Research Group in Musical Semiotics, Faculty of Music, University of Montreal. The songs are online available from the ethnopoetics website curated by Jerome Rothenberg.
  • Somby, Ánde (1995). Joik and the theory of knowledge.
  • Szomjas-Schiffert, György (1996). Lapp sámánok énekes hagyománya • Singing tradition of Lapp shamans (in Hungarian and English). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. ISBN 963 05 6940 X. 
  In the history of music, prehistoric music (previously called primitive music) is all music produced in preliterate cultures (prehistory), beginning somewhere in very late geological history.
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  In ethology, sociobiology and behavioral ecology, the term territory refers to any sciographical area that an animal of a particular species consistently defends against conspecifics (and, occasionally, animals of other species).
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  Papio
  Erxleben, 1777
  
  Type species
  Simia hamadryas
  Linnaeus, 1758
  
  Species
  
  Papio hamadryas
  Papio papio
  Papio anubis
  Papio cynocephalus
  Papio ursinus
  
  The five
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  In music, timbre, or sometimes timber, (from Fr. timbre; IPA /'tæmbəɹ/ as in the first two syllables of tambourine, or /'tɪmbəɹ/, like timber)^[1]
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  The imitation of natural sounds in various cultures is a diverse phenomenon. and can fill in various functions. In several instances, it is related to the belief system (yoiks of the Sami,^[1][2][3][4] some other shamanic songs and rituals,
  ..... Click the link for more information.
  Yoik, Joik or juoiggus is a traditional Sami form of song.
  
  Originally, yoik referred to only one of several Sami singing styles, but in English the word is often used to refer to all types of traditional Sami singing.
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  Sami people (also Sámi, Saami, Lapps, sometimes also Laplanders) are the indigenous people of northern Europe inhabiting Sápmi, which today encompasses parts of northern Sweden, Norway, Finland and the Kola Peninsula of Russia.
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  Overtone singing, also known as throat singing, overtone chanting, or harmonic singing, is a type of singing in which the singer manipulates the harmonic resonances (or formants) created as air travels from the lungs, past the vocal folds, and out the lips to
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  Inuit throat singing or katajjaq, also known (and commonly confused) under the generic term overtone singing, is a form of musical performance among the Inuit.
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  Animal communication is any behaviour on the part of one animal that has an effect on the current or future behaviour of another animal. The study of animal communication, sometimes called zoosemiotics
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  Animal language is the modeling of human language in non human animal systems. While the term is widely used, most researchers agree that animal languages are not as complex or expressive as human language.
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  Bioacoustics is a cross-disciplinary science that combines biology and acoustics. Usually it refers to the investigation of sound production, dispersion through elastic media, and reception in animals, including humans.
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  Bird songs are certain vocal sounds that birds make. In non-technical use, these are the bird sounds that are melodious to the human ear. In ornithology, bird 'songs' are often distinguished from shorter sounds, which may be termed 'calls'.
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  Whale song is the sound made by whales to communicate. The word "song" is used in particular to describe the pattern of regular and predictable sounds made by some species of whales (notably the humpback) in a way that is reminiscent of human singing.
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  Music semiology (semiotics), the semiology of music, is the study of signs as they pertain to music on a variety of levels. Following Roman Jakobson, V. Kofi Agawu adopts the idea of musical semiosis being introversive or extroversive--that is, musical signs within a text and
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  Ethnopoetics is a poetic movement and subfield in linguistics, and anthropology. Coined as a term by Rothenberg in 1968. The idea of ethnopoetics is based on two interrelated concepts:
  
  
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  Jerome Rothenberg (born 1931) is an American poet and editor who is noted for his work in ethnopoetics.

  Early life and work

  Jerome Rothenberg was born in New York City to Orthodox Polish-Jewish immigrants^[1]
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