National Wildlife Refuge

Information about National Wildlife Refuge

National Wildlife Refuge System
IUCN Category IV (Habitat/Species Management Area)
Map of the United States Map of the United States
Location	United States
Area	96,013,646 acres (388,533 km²)
Established	1903
Total visitation	39,847,108 (in 2004)
Governing body	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

National Wildlife Refuge is a designation for certain protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The National Wildlife Refuge system is a network of lands and waters managed to protect wildlife and wildlife habitat.

The system consists of over 500 refuges across the nation. Nearly all of them have the words "National Wildlife Refuge", "Wetland Management District", or "Wildlife Management Area" in their names; notable exceptions include:

History

See History of the National Wildlife Refuge System

Statistics (as of 2004)

Pelican Island was the nation's first wildlife refuge

Physical Features

Area of land under management (Stewardship Lands): = 96,013,646 acres (388,533 km²)^[1]
Area of land less than fee title = 3,775,246 acres (15,278 km²)^[1]
Area of wetlands = 45,677,973 acres (184,852 km²)^[1]
Number of management units = 632 (includes 545 refuges, 37 wetland management districts, and 50 coordination areas)^[1]
Number of Wilderness areas = 75^[1]
Area of Wilderness = 20,698,845 acres (83,765 km²)^[1]
Length of rivers within the National Wild & Scenic Rivers System = 1,051 miles (1,691 km)^[1]
Length of refuge boundary with Mexico = 120 miles (193 km)^[1]

Management

Area of wetlands restored in 2004 = 89,262 acres (361 km²)^[1]
Area burned in 2004 to reduce hazardous fuels = 45,012 acres (182 km²)^[1]

Visitation

Total visitors in 2004 = 39,847,108^[1]
Total visits in 2004 = 72,563,393^[1]

Volunteers

Total volunteers in 2004 = 32,933^[1]
Total volunteer hours in 2004 = 1,339,427^[1]
Value of volunteer hours in 2004 = $23,024,750^[1]

Real Property

Length of roads maintained = 11,700 miles (18,800 km)^[1]
Number of buildings maintained = 5,850^[1]
Number of employee housing units = 660^[1]
Number of bridges = 650 (0 tunnels)^[1]
Miles of fencing = 13,500^[1]
Number of water control structures maintained = 9,100^[1]

Personnel

Total staff = 3,809 FTE’s (Full Time Equivalents, thus two half-time employees count as one FTE)^[1]
Number of refuge enforcement officers = 491^[1]
Number of firefighter FTE’s = 538^[1]

Environmental technology
Air pollution control Biofuel Composting Conservation biology Conservation ethic Ecoforestry Energy conservation Energy development Environmental design Environmental impact assessment Environmental preservation Green building Hydrogen technologies Industrial wastewater treatment Natural building Recycling Renewable energy Renewable energy development Remediation Solid waste treatment Sustainable architecture Sustainable energy Sustainable development Waste water treatment Water purification Waste management
Environmental science

External links

Official website of the National Wildlife Refuge
Legislation
Official Web site of the Blue Goose Alliance - a Non-profit organization promoting the establishment of the NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SERVICE as a separate agency within the U.S. Department of the Interior
SSRN: The Significance of National Wildlife Refuges in the Development of U.S. Conservation Policy
National Wildlife Refuge Association - A nonprofit entity supporting the National Wildlife Refuge system

References

1. ^ National Wildlife Refuge System Fact Sheet 2004 at http://www.fws.gov/refuges/pdfs/2004_NWRSfactSheet.pdf

IUCN

International Organization
Founded October 1948, Fontainebleau, France
Headquarters Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland

Key people Mr Valli Moosa
Ms Julia Marton-Lefèvre
Industry Natural resource conservation
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Motto
"In God We Trust" (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum" ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
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Fish and Wildlife Service

Official logo

Agency overview
Formed June 30, 1940
Preceding Agencies Bureau of Biological Survey

Bureau of Fisheries

Jurisdiction
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The protected areas of the United States are managed by an array of different federal, state, tribal and local level authorities and receive widely varying levels of protection. Some areas are managed as wilderness while others are operated with acceptable commercial exploitation.
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Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge is a 74,000 acre (299 km) National Wildlife Refuge in Utah, established in 1928.
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Location Oregon, United States
Nearest city Lakeview
Coordinates
Area 278,000 acres (1125 km²)
Established 1936

Governing body United States Fish and Wildlife Service

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Location Montana, USA
Nearest city Missoula, MT
Coordinates
Area 18,500 acres (74 km²)
Established 1908
Total visitation est. 250,000 (in 2004)
Governing body U.S.
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Location Wyoming, USA
Nearest city Jackson, WY
Coordinates
Area 25,000 acres (101 km²)
Established 1912

Governing body U.S.
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The National Key Deer Refuge is a 8,542 acre (34.57 km²) National Wildlife Refuge located on Big Pine Key and No Name Key in the Florida Keys in Monroe County, Florida.
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Sullys Hill National Game Preserve is a National Wildlife Refuge located on the shore of Devil's Lake in Benson County, North Dakota, within the Spirit Lake Tribe. It consists of 1674 acres (6.
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The National Wildlife Refuge System in the United States has a long and distinguished history.

Note: This text is taken from http://www.fws.gov/refuges/history/index.html and as such, is in the public domain.
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Environmental technology or "green technology" is the application of the environmental sciences to conserve the natural environment and resources, and by curbing the negative impacts of human involvement.
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Renewable energy

Biofuels
Biomass
Geothermal power
Hydro power
Solar power
Tidal power
Wave power
Wind power

Biofuel (also called agrofuel^[1]
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Composting is the controlled aerobic decomposition of biodegradable organic matter, producing compost. The decomposition is performed primarily by aerobic bacteria, helped by larger creatures such as ants, nematodes and oligochaete worms.
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Conservation biology, or conservation ecology, is the science of analyzing and protecting Earth's biological diversity. Conservation biology draws from the biological, physical and social sciences, economics, and the practice of natural-resource management.
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conservation ethic is an ethic of resource use, allocation, exploitation, and protection. Its primary focus is upon maintaining the health of the natural world: its forests, fisheries, habitats, and biological diversity.
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Ecoforestry is forestry that emphasizes holistic practices which strive to protect and restore ecosystems¹ rather than maximize economic productivity. Practitioners of ecoforestry eschew practices like clearcutting, high grading, and pesticides.
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worldwide view.

Energy conservation is the practice of decreasing the quantity of energy used while achieving a similar outcome. This practice may result in increase of financial capital, environmental value, national security, personal security, and human
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Energy development is the ongoing effort to provide sustainable energy resources through knowledge, skills, and constructions. When energy from primary energy sources and converting them into more convenient secondary energy forms, such as electrical energy and cleaner fuel, both
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Environmental design is the process of addressing environmental parameters when devising plans, programs, policies, buildings, or products. Classical prudent design may have always considered environmental factors; however, the environmental movement beginning in the 1960s
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An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is an assessment of the likely influence a project may have on the environment. “Environmental Impact Assessment can be defined as: The process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the biophysical, social, and other
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Environmental preservation is the strict setting aside of natural resources to prevent the use or contact by humans or by human intervention. In terms of policy making this often means setting aside areas as nature reserves (otherwise known as wildlife reserves), parks, or
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Green building is the practice of increasing the efficiency of buildings and their use of energy, water, and materials, and reducing building impacts on human health and the environment, through better siting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and removal — the
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Industrial wastewater treatment covers the mechanisms and processes used to treat waters that have been contaminated in some way by man's industrial or commercial activities prior to its release into the environment or its re-use.
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Natural building involves a range of building systems and materials that place major emphasis on sustainability. Ways of achieving sustainability through natural building focus on durability and the use of minimally-processed, plentiful or renewable resources, as well as those
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Recycling is the reprocessing of materials into new products. Recycling generally prevents the waste of potentially useful materials, reduces the consumption of raw materials and reduces energy usage, and hence greenhouse gas emissions, compared to virgin production.
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