Information about National Language
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A national language is a language (or language variant, i.e. dialect) which represents the national identity of a nation or country. A national language is used for political and legal discourse.
Some countries have more than one national language, such as Canada which uses both French and English. A national language declared as such by legislation is the same as an Official language. It is different for that reason from the national predominant language, which is a national language only through de facto use or by historical association with a particular nation.
Official versus national languages
The national languages of stateless nations are often not official languages in any country. Some have no government recognition, while others may enjoy a high degree of official recognition. Some examples of national languages that are not official languages include Aromanian, Cherokee, and Navajo (and other living Native American languages). Certain languages may enjoy government recognition or even status as official languages in some countries while not in others.China
- See also: Standard Mandarin and History of Standard Mandarin.
After the Xinhai Revolution in 1911 , the Chinese Nationalist party - Kuomintang founded the Republic of China. In order to promote a sense of national unity and enhance the efficiency of communications within the nation, the Government decided to designate a national language. The Beijing dialect of Mandarin and Guangzhou dialect of Cantonese were the most popular options, and the Beijing dialect was chosen to be the national language, given the name " 国语" in Chinese (Pinyin: Guóyǔ, lit. national language, commonly known as "Standard Mandarin" in English). In the beginning there were attempts to introduce elements from other Chinese spoken variants into the national language, in addition to those existing in Beijing dialect. But this was deemed too difficult, and was abandoned in 1924 . Since then the Beijing dialect became the major source of standard national pronunciations, due to its prestigious status in the preceding Qing Dynasty. Elements from other dialects continue to exist in the standard language.
After the Chinese Civil War in 1949 , the Chinese communist party established the People's Republic of China in mainland China. The nationalist regime of the Republic of China retreated to the island of Taiwan and maintained the same policy. On the other hand, the People's Republic of China, which administers mainland China, continued the effort, and renamed the national language that is largely based on the Beijing dialect as "普通話" (Pinyin: pǔtōnghuà, lit. common speech) in Chinese.
India
India has a list of 23 official languages but no specific national language.Republic of Ireland
Irish (Gaeilge), a Celtic language, is recognized as the primary constitutional language of Ireland; notwithstanding that English is the de facto language of the nation. Irish is spoken by about 1% of its population as a first language in restricted geographical locations. However, according to the 2002 Census of Population, 42% of the population of Ireland have the ability to speak Irish. The Irish government is committed to the development of a bilingual society, where as many people as possible can use Irish and English with equal ease and facility.[1]Malta
In Malta, the Maltese language is the national language. This is recognised as official as well together with English. In Malta most of the people speak the Maltese language and it is recognised as "national" in Chapter 1 of the Laws of Malta.Philippines
The Filipino language, which is based on Tagalog and other existing Filipino languages, is designated by the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines as the national language. The constitution designates both Filipino and English as official languages. More than 170 languages are spoken in the Philippines and almost all of them belong to the Borneo-Philippines languages group of the Austronesian language family.Singapore
In Singapore, the Malay language is the national and official language, since it is the native language of Malay Singaporeans, who were the original inhabitants of the land but are now a minority due to mass ethnic Chinese immigration and who, as of the 2000 census, make up only about 14% of the total population of 4.55 million.[2] Three other languages enjoy official language status, including English, which is the language of business and governance and the medium of instruction in public schools; Mandarin Chinese, and Tamil.[3]United States
In the USA, English is the national language only in an informal sense, by numbers and by historical and contemporary association. The US Constitution does not explicitly declare any Official language, although the constitution is written in English, as is all federal legislation.On May 8, 2007, Senator James M. Inhofe (R-Okla.) introduced Senate Bill S.1335, which would declare English as the official language of the government of the United States. The bill would require that the U.S. government conduct its official activities in English, repeal Federal bilingual voting requirements, and require naturalization ceremonies to be conducted solely in the English language. The bill contains a provision preventing it from pre-empting any law of any U.S. state.[4]
Previous incarnations of this bill were co-written and supported by Ron Unz, a California millionaire. He, along with his organization (U.S. English), has been pushing for the "English-Only" cause for many years.
As of May 2007, several bills relating to English as a national language are pending in the U.S.House of Representatives.[5][6][7]
See also
References
1. ^ Statement on the Irish Language 2006. Government of Ireland. Retrieved on 2007-06-19.
2. ^ [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html World Factbook — Singapore]. CIA. Retrieved on 2007-09-10.
3. ^ Languages of singapore. Ethonologue. Retrieved on 2007-09-10.
4. ^ James M. Inhofe (8 May 2007). Senate Bill S.1335: S. I. Hayakawa Official English Language Act of 2007. Library of Congress. Retrieved on 2007-05-27.
5. ^ Steve King (31 January 2007). House Bill H. R. 768: To provide that Executive Order 13166 shall have no force or effect, and to prohibit the use of funds for certain purposes.. Library of Congress. Retrieved on 2007-05-27.
6. ^ Peter T. King (31 January 2007). House Bill H. R. 769: To amend title 4, United States Code, to declare English as the official language of the Government of the United States, and for other purposes.. Library of Congress. Retrieved on 2007-05-27.
7. ^ Peter T. King (12 February 2007). House Bill H. R. 997: English Language Unity Act of 2007. Library of Congress. Retrieved on 2007-05-27.
2. ^ [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html World Factbook — Singapore]. CIA. Retrieved on 2007-09-10.
3. ^ Languages of singapore. Ethonologue. Retrieved on 2007-09-10.
4. ^ James M. Inhofe (8 May 2007). Senate Bill S.1335: S. I. Hayakawa Official English Language Act of 2007. Library of Congress. Retrieved on 2007-05-27.
5. ^ Steve King (31 January 2007). House Bill H. R. 768: To provide that Executive Order 13166 shall have no force or effect, and to prohibit the use of funds for certain purposes.. Library of Congress. Retrieved on 2007-05-27.
6. ^ Peter T. King (31 January 2007). House Bill H. R. 769: To amend title 4, United States Code, to declare English as the official language of the Government of the United States, and for other purposes.. Library of Congress. Retrieved on 2007-05-27.
7. ^ Peter T. King (12 February 2007). House Bill H. R. 997: English Language Unity Act of 2007. Library of Congress. Retrieved on 2007-05-27.
See Language (journal) for the linguistics journal.
A language is a system of symbols and the rules used to manipulate them. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon.
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A variety of a language is a form that differs from other forms of the language systematically and coherently. Variety is a wider concept than style of prose or style of language.
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For dialects of programming languages, see .
A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος, dialektos) is a variety of a language characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers.
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A nation is a form of cultural or social community. Nationhood is an ethical and philosophical doctrine and is the starting point for the ideology of nationalism. Members of a "nation" share a common identity, and usually a common origin, in the sense of ancestry, parentage or
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A nation is a form of cultural or social community. Nationhood is an ethical and philosophical doctrine and is the starting point for the ideology of nationalism. Members of a "nation" share a common identity, and usually a common origin, in the sense of ancestry, parentage or
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In political geography and international politics, a country is a political division of a geographical entity, a sovereign territory, most commonly associated with the notions of state or nation and government.
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LAW may refer to:
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For other uses, see Discourses.
Discourse is communication that goes back and forth (from the Latin, discursus, "running to and fro"), such as debate or argument. The term is used in semantics and discourse analysis.
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Legislation (or "statutory law") is law which has been promulgated (or "enacted") by a legislature or other governing body. The term may refer to a single law, or the collective body of enacted law, while "statute" is also used to refer to a single law.
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An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. It is typically the language used in a nation's legislative bodies, though the law in many nations requires that government documents be produced in other
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De facto is a Latin expression that means "in fact" or "in practice" but not spelled out by law. It is commonly used in contrast to de jure (which means "by law") when referring to matters of law, governance, or technique (such as standards), that are found in the
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A nation is a form of cultural or social community. Nationhood is an ethical and philosophical doctrine and is the starting point for the ideology of nationalism. Members of a "nation" share a common identity, and usually a common origin, in the sense of ancestry, parentage or
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A stateless nation is a political term used to imply that a group, usually a minority ethnic group is a nation, and is entitled to its own state, specifically a nation-state for that nation.
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An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. It is typically the language used in a nation's legislative bodies, though the law in many nations requires that government documents be produced in other
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Aromanian (also known as Macedo-Romanian, Arumanian or Vlach in most other countries; in Aromanian: limba armãneascã, armãneshce or armãneashti) is an Eastern Romance language spoken in Southeastern Europe.
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Cherokee (Cherokee: ᏣᎳᎩ; Tsalagi) is an Iroquoian language spoken by the Cherokee people which uses a unique syllabary writing system.
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Navajo or Navaho (native name: Diné bizaad) is an Athabaskan language (of Na-Dené stock) spoken in the southwest United States by the Navajo people (Diné).
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Indigenous languages of the Americas (or Amerindian Languages) are spoken by indigenous peoples from the southern tip of South America to Alaska and Greenland, encompassing the land masses which constitute the Americas.
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An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. It is typically the language used in a nation's legislative bodies, though the law in many nations requires that government documents be produced in other
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This page contains Chinese text.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
Standard Mandarin, also known as Modern Standard Chinese
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history of Standard Mandarin as the standardized version of Chinese, however, is relatively recent.
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Before Mandarin
Since ancient history, the Chinese language has always consisted of a wide variety of dialects; hence prestige dialects and lingua francas have always been..... Click the link for more information.
This page contains Chinese text.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
China (Traditional Chinese: Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
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Spoken Chinese (or Chinese dialects) comprises many regional variants. Although the English word dialect is often used to translate the Chinese term fangyan (Chinese: 方言
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Hangzhou (Chinese: 杭州; Pinyin: Hángzhōu; Postal map spelling: Hangchow
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Nánjīng Shì
南京市
Nanjing city skyline
Location within China
Nanjing is highlighted on this map of Jiangsu province
Coordinates:
Country
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南京市
Nanjing city skyline
Location within China
Nanjing is highlighted on this map of Jiangsu province
Coordinates:
Country
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This page contains Chinese text.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
The Xinhai Revolution or Shinhai Revolution (Chinese:
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Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT) [1], also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is a political party in the Republic of China, now on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in terms of seats in the Legislative Yuan.
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Anthem
National Anthem of the Republic of China
Capital Taipei[1]
Largest city Taipei[1]
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National Anthem of the Republic of China
Capital Taipei[1]
Largest city Taipei[1]
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Beijing dialect (Simplified Chinese: 北京话; Traditional Chinese: 北京話; Pinyin: Běijīnghuà
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